Size-dependent thermal decomposition and kinetics of ultrafine alkali metal styphnates

Li, Rui; Zhao, Weihong; Zhang, Tonglai; Yang, Li; Zhou, Zunning; Shen, Qi

doi:10.1039/c4ra05947f

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In present academic researches, Kissinger's method and Ozawa's method have been extensively used to calculate the kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy ( E a ) and the pre‐exponential factor ( A ) . The instructive equations of the Kissinger's and Ozawa's methods are as follows, respectively:

\ln β / T_{normalp}^{2} = \ln (R A / E_{a}) - E_{a} / (R T_{normalp})

\log β = \log [A E_{a} / R G (α)] - 2.315 - 0.4567 E_{a} / (R T_{normalp})

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Chen

Zhi

et al. 2016

Eur J Inorg Chem

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A novel alkaline‐earth metal perchlorate coordination polymer {[Ca(CHZ)2](ClO4)2}n (1, CHZ = carbohydrazide) was synthesized and characterized. The X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction results illustrate that the structure of the complex belongs to a tetragonal system, space group I‐42m. Every Ca2+ ion is octa‐coordinated with four CHZ groups. The CHZ group forms a tridentate coordination mode with different Ca2+ ions, leading to a coordination polymer structure. Therefore, the molecule is extended to a super 1D infinite polymer, and the configuration of the Ca2+ ion is a distorted dodecahedron. The DSC results show only one exothermal decomposition process with a peak temperature of 242.2 °C. The TG‐DTG curves demonstrate a 58 % mass loss from 210–290 °C and that finally 18 % of the polymer remains. Experimental data show that the combustion heat is –6.41 MJ kg–1 and the enthalpy of formation is –610.9 kJ mol–1. Non‐isothermal kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are obtained from Kissinger's method as well as Ozawa's method. The critical temperature of thermal explosion, ΔS≠, ΔH≠, and ΔG≠ are calculated as 234.7 °C, 134.1 J K–1 mol–1, 213.8 kJ mol–1, and 147.0 kJ mol–1, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivities towards impact and friction are assessed to be 0.5 J and 28 N from the relevant standard methods.

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\ln β / T_{normalp}^{2} = \ln (R A / E_{a}) - E_{a} / (R T_{normalp})

\log β = \log [A E_{a} / R G (α)] - 2.315 - 0.4567 E_{a} / (R T_{normalp})

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Chen

Zhi

et al. 2016

Eur J Inorg Chem

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“…Further, the size of particles has a great influence on thermal decomposition property [34]. The relationship between size and thermal decomposition property of LTNR particles was studied through data fitting (Figure 4).…”

Section: Effect Of Flow Rate On Ltnr Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐Segmented Flow Technology Applied for Synthesis and Shape Control of Lead Styphnate Micro‐Particles

Zhao

Yan

Zhu

et al. 2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In this study, the technology of micro-segmented flow was applied for continuous synthesis safely and shape control accurately to lead trinitroresorcinate (LTNR) particles. Besides, a micro chemical reaction and crystallization system were built. Crystal shape control technology of LTNR and micro-segmented flow technology were first combined using the system. Additionally, the effects of the flowing rate and chemical additives on LTNR micro-particles preparation were researched for shape control. The LTNR microparticles were analyzed by XRD, DSC, laser scanning confocal microscope and laser particle size analyzer. The results shows that the LTNR particles size can be controlled from 20 to 400 mm by the flow rate and the concentration of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), while the shape of LTNR can be controlled by the concentration of glycerol and CTAB. Besides, there is a good linear relationship between the size and the activation energy. This illustrates that the LTNR particles with smaller size are more stable and have higher heat release. This study demonstrated the power of micro-segmented flow for generation of LTNR micro-particles with high quality and for tuning of particle properties.

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“…In present works, Kissinger's 24 and Ozawa's 25 methods have been widely used in academic researches to determine the kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy (E a ) and the pre-exponential factor (A). [26][27][28][29] The instructive equations of the Kissinger's and Ozawa's methods are as follows, respectively: a Symmetry: Àx, 1 À y, 1 À z. b Symmetry: 1 À x, 1 À y, 1 À z.…”

Section: Non-isothermal Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, structure and characterization of 1-D polymer {[Sr(CHZ)₂(ClO₄)]ClO₄}_n: a new concept for designing primary explosives

Zhang

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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Size-dependent thermal decomposition and kinetics of ultrafine alkali metal styphnates

Abstract: The styphnate of smaller size possesses lower decomposition temperature and higher reactivity.

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Micro‐Segmented Flow Technology Applied for Synthesis and Shape Control of Lead Styphnate Micro‐Particles

Synthesis, structure and characterization of 1-D polymer {[Sr(CHZ)₂(ClO₄)]ClO₄}_n: a new concept for designing primary explosives

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Size-dependent thermal decomposition and kinetics of ultrafine alkali metal styphnates

Abstract: The styphnate of smaller size possesses lower decomposition temperature and higher reactivity.

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)2](ClO4)2}n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)2](ClO4)2}n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Micro‐Segmented Flow Technology Applied for Synthesis and Shape Control of Lead Styphnate Micro‐Particles

Synthesis, structure and characterization of 1-D polymer {[Sr(CHZ)2(ClO4)]ClO4}n: a new concept for designing primary explosives

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Product

Resources

About

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Innovative Concept of Designing Primary Explosives by IntroducingPolymers: Preparation and Investigation of {[Ca(CHZ)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n (CHZ = carbohydrazide)

Synthesis, structure and characterization of 1-D polymer {[Sr(CHZ)₂(ClO₄)]ClO₄}_n: a new concept for designing primary explosives