Size effect and cylinder test on several commercial explosives

Souers, P. C.; Lauderbach, Lisa; Moua, K.; Garza, Raul

doi:10.1063/1.3686289

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, earlier modeling showed a precursor shock in the wall ahead of the detonating explosives but the system came to steady state [14]. Four urea nitrate and shotgun powder shots showed self-similar behavior although one Kinepak (AN 79/NM 21) shot out of two did not, possibly because of a defective tube [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Upgraded Analytical Model of the Cylinder Test

Souers

Lauderbach

Garza

et al. 2013

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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A Gurney‐type equation was previously corrected for wall thinning and angle of tilt, and now we have added shock wave attenuation in the copper wall and air gap energy loss. Extensive calculations were undertaken to calibrate the two new energy loss mechanisms across all explosives. The corrected Gurney equation is recommended for cylinder use over the original 1943 form. The effect of these corrections is to add more energy to the adiabat values from a relative volume of 2 to 7, with low energy explosives having the largest correction. The data was pushed up to a relative volume of about 15 and the JWL parameter ω was obtained directly. The total detonation energy density was locked to the v=7 adiabat energy density, so that the Cylinder test gives all necessary values needed to make a JWL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Upgraded Analytical Model of the Cylinder Test

Souers

Lauderbach

Garza

et al. 2013

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Even at Table 2. Average rate of velocity decay (j R UD j) and run-to-failure (RTF) distances of each charge with published critical diameter data for charges of similar composition [16][17][18].…”

Section: Anà Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work done by Souers et al [18] demonstrated that a charge of ANNM with a similar composition to that of ANNM20 failed to yield a steady detonation at a diameter of 12.78 mm. Since ANNM20 was the most sensitive ANNM composition (along with ANNM25 which had an equivalent j R UD j), this should indicate that all the charges tested in this work failed to produce a steady detonation.…”

Section: Annmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small‐Scale Characterization of Shock Sensitivity for Non‐Ideal Explosives Based on Imaging of Detonation Failure Behavior

Scott

Cummock

Son

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The plethora of potential homemade explosive (HME) formulations combined with the fact they often exhibit large critical diameters make them expensive to characterize with traditional large-scale tests. A relatively new method for small-scale characterization was investigated using non-ideal explosive charges consisting of ammonium nitrate (AN) and various fuels. Here, we extend this method using an optical characterization technique that utilizes the decay rate of the reaction wave velocity in failing detonations of sub-critical diameter charges as a metric for the shock sensitivity of an explosive. The conditions required for successful detonation initiation and failure have long been used to investigate shock sensitivity (critical diameter, gap tests, run-to-detonation experiments); however, the failure regime still remains largely unexplored. The utility of this small-scale characterization technique lies in its ability to determine the relative shock sensitivity of explosive with minimal material and experiments while simultaneously providing transient velocity data for potential use in modeling efforts. In this work, high speed imaging was used and analyzed to determine rates of reaction wave velocity decay in the AN-fuel samples. Among the fuels tested with AN were diesel (ANFO), nitromethane (ANNM), and aluminum (ANÀ Al). It was found that nitromethane was the most effective at sensitizing the AN of the systems considered. In both ANNM and ANÀ Al, maximum shock sensitivity (here measured as the minimum reactive wave velocity decay rate) occurred at fuel percentages below stoichiometric mixtures. This was interpreted to be due to the competing effects of stoichiometry and hot spot criticality. Sensitivity results were compared to run-to-failure (RTF) distances and published critical diameter trends which showed good correlation.

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Estimation of Explosive Energy Output by EXPLO5 Thermochemical Code

Sućeska

Dobrilović

Bohanek

et al. 2020

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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Detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and detonation heat are usually used as a measure of explosive's performance. However, they do not answer the question how fast an explosive can accelerate the surrounding metal liner. A semi‐empirical solution to this problem was proposed by R. W. Gurney in 1943. In this paper we used thermochemical calculations to calculate energy of detonation products along the expansion isentrope and to estimate the Gurney energy and cylinder wall velocity from it. It was found that for the same degree of the products expansion, experimentally determined Gurney energy is systematically less than calculated detonation energy due to the energy losses. At about threefold expansion of the products, the detonation energy matches very well with an experimental Gurney energy.

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Size effect and cylinder test on several commercial explosives

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Upgraded Analytical Model of the Cylinder Test

Upgraded Analytical Model of the Cylinder Test

Small‐Scale Characterization of Shock Sensitivity for Non‐Ideal Explosives Based on Imaging of Detonation Failure Behavior

Estimation of Explosive Energy Output by EXPLO5 Thermochemical Code

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