Size effect contributions to the chemical potential of a film

Mahale, N.K.; Cole, Milton W.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(86)90757-0

Surface Science

1986

DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(86)90757-0

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Size effect contributions to the chemical potential of a film

N.K. Mahale

Milton W. Cole

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1992

2005

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Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We would like to emphasize that a theoretical calculation of forces induced by surface fluctuations in liquid films is not without precedent [4,16]. However, we are unaware of any instance in which such interactions have been detected prior to the experiments of Garcia and Chan.…”

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confidence: 98%

Casimir Forces, Surface Fluctuations, and Thinning of Superfluid Film

2004

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Recent experiments on the wetting of 4 He have shown that the film becomes thinner at the λ transition, and in the superfluid phase. The difference in thickness above and below the transition has been attributed to a Casimir interaction which is a consequence of a broken continuous symmetry in the bulk superfluid. However, the observed thinning of the film is larger than can be accounted by this Casimir force. We show that surface fluctuations give rise to an additional force, similar in form but larger in magnitude, which may explain the observations. PACS numbers: 46.32.+x, 82.35.Rs, 87.15.La, 85.35.Kt, 07.10.Cm Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field between two conducting plates in vacuum result in longranged attractive interactions. This effect which has only recently experimentally verified by a series of high precision measurements[1], was first predicted by Casimir in 1948 [2]. Thirty years later, Fisher and de Gennes noted that the confinement of thermal fluctuations in fluids leads to similar long-ranged forces [3]. Quite generally, geometric restrictions on a fluctuating field constrain the normal modes of fluctuations and result in fluctuation-induced or Casimir forces. These forces are controlled by correlations in the fluid; when the correlations are long-ranged, corresponding to massless fields, Casimir forces decay with distance as a simple power law [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. The overall strength of a Casimir interaction is typically universal. That is, it depends on symmetries of the fluctuating field, and on boundary conditions, but not on microscopic details.An important example of a Casimir force associated with thermal fluctuations in a condensed matter system is found in 4 He films at and near the superfluid phase transition [12]. The finite thickness, d, of the film constrains the fluctuations of the superfluid order parameter, which then mediate a Casimir force. Experimental demonstration of this force was reported recently by Garcia and Chan[12] (GC). To produce films of various thicknesses, a stack of copper electrodes were suspended at different heights above bulk liquid helium. The thickness of the wetting layer on each electrode as a function of temperature was monitored to gauge the strength of interactions with the substrate. Figure 1 shows the change in the film thickness ∆d = d−d 0 , as a function of reduced temperature t = T − T λ , near the superfluid transition point for the capacitor labeled "Cap 1" in Ref. [12]. The quantity d 0 is the thickness of the film well above the λ-point. As shown in the figure, there is a perceptible decrease in the thickness of the film at the transition point t = 0, followed by a substantial drop below the transition. The thinning of the film for t ≥ 0 quantitatively confirms the theoretical predictions of attractive Casimir

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confidence: 98%

Casimir Forces, Surface Fluctuations, and Thinning of Superfluid Film

2004

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“…Although there have been quite a few experimental studies of the thickness of the 4 He film on solid surfaces, there is only one experiment, that of Sabisky and Anderson [9], showing good agreement with DLP. The discrepancy with DLP, which is particularly severe for 4 He films adsorbed on metal surfaces [10], has generally been blamed on surface roughness, dust particles, scratches or other imperfections, and on the effects of excitations in the film [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Critical Fluctuation-Induced Thinning of4HeFilms near the Superfluid Transition

1999

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We report dielectric constant measurements showing critical fluctuation-induced thinning of 4 He films near the superfluid transition. The films are adsorbed on a stack of copper electrodes suspended at different heights above bulk liquid. We calibrate the measurements by assuming that the film thickness away from the transition region at different heights is accurately given by theory. The thinning is found to be consistent with finite-size scaling, if the value of the scaling function for each thickness is normalized by its value at the minimum.

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“…For example, in Ref. [26] the effect of zero-point fluctuations of phonons on the wetting transition of a He thin film was investigated, and the effect was shown to be small. Perhaps, a more appropriate system in which this behavior may be manifested is bilayer quantum well systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Electrostatic Attraction from Plasmon Fluctuations

2000

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In this Letter, we show that, at low temperatures, zero-point fluctuations of the plasmon modes of two mutually coupled 2D planar Wigner crystals give rise to a novel long-range attractive force. For the case where the distance d between two planar surfaces is large, this attractive force has an unusual power-law decay, which scales as d(-7/2), unlike other fluctuation-induced forces. Specifically, we note that its range is longer than the "standard" zero-temperature van der Waals interaction. This result may, in principle, be observed in bilayer electronic systems and provides insight into the nature of correlation effects for highly charged surfaces.

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Size effect contributions to the chemical potential of a film

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Casimir Forces, Surface Fluctuations, and Thinning of Superfluid Film

Casimir Forces, Surface Fluctuations, and Thinning of Superfluid Film

Critical Fluctuation-Induced Thinning of4HeFilms near the Superfluid Transition

Novel Electrostatic Attraction from Plasmon Fluctuations

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