“…The mean diameter and standard deviation of Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles annealed at 450, 600, 700, and 800 °C were obtained after fitting the log-normal function, that is < d > = 13 ± 1, 48 ± 4, 60 ± 5, 165 ± 21 nm and σ = 0.23 ± 0.11, 0.30 ± 0.09, 0.27 ± 0.09, 0.41 ± 0.16 nm, respectively. The value of σ is below 0.3 nm for nanoparticles annealed at 450, 600, and 700 °C indicating the distributions of nanoparticles is confined within a narrow range 24 , whereas the distribution of nanoparticles annealed at 800 °C is confined within the intermediate range 25 . Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique is used to detect the chemical purity and estimate the atomic percentage in a given sample 23,24 .…”