Size Reduction of Metals by Means of Swing‐Hammer Shredders

Sander, Steffen; Schubert, Gert

doi:10.1002/ceat.200390061

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For the first topic, the increase of the angular speed leads to a reduction of the whole energy consumption. Therefore, the swing-hammer shredders should be operated at the highest possible velocity, even if lower speeds mean lower wear, lower dust, and lower noise emission [32]. Nowadays, other processes cannot substitute mechanical comminution because it achieves the desired results with a higher rate.…”

Section: Comminutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Melting of Scrap in Aluminum Recycling: A Review

Capuzzi

Timelli

2018

Metals

185

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Abstract:This work provides an overview of the aluminum (Al) recycling process, from the scrap upgrading to the melting process. Innovations and new trends regarding the Al recycling technologies are highlighted. Aluminum recycling offers advantages in terms of environmental and economic benefits. The presence of deleterious impurities in recycled Al alloys is increasing and this is the main drawback if compared to primary alloys. The continuous growth of undesired elements can be mitigated by different technologies, preliminary operations and treatments, and by the optimization of the melting process. Downgrading and dilution are possible solutions to reduce the rate of impurities, but they are not sustainable if the final use of Al alloy continuously increases. The main objectives in the development of the Al recycling are shown and discussed. In particular, the evolution of preliminary treatments of the scrap, as sorting, comminution and de-coating, is reported and a review of the melting technologies is also presented. However, the choice of performing preliminary operations to the melting stage, thus improving the operating conditions during the furnace running, is a trade-off between costs and process efficiency.

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Section: Comminutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Melting of Scrap in Aluminum Recycling: A Review

Capuzzi

Timelli

2018

Metals

185

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“…The objective of shredding is to reduce the size of shredding materials and increase the bulk density to meet the demands of the subsequent process [9][10] . Conventional wisdom states that the swing-hammer shredder can handle a broad variety of materials, from paper and card board or metal chips to old cars, aluminum scrap, preparation of waste for incineration plants, lead-batteries and electronic scrap including small motors or fridges [11] .…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hammers are key compartments in the hammer shredder [9] . During the shredding process of retired car bodies, the size reduction and volume compaction of shredding materials are accomplished mainly by impacts from hammers.…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure mechanisms and structural optimization of shredder hammer for metal scraps

Zhou

Tao

et al. 2016

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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Recycling retired cars can relieve the environmental pollution and resource waste efficiently. However, a few publications can be found on the failure mechanisms and optimization method of recycling equipment, shredders. Thus, the failure mechanisms and structural optimization of shredder hammers for retired cars are studied aiming improving shredding efficiency and reducing cost. Failure types of shredder hammer are studied theoretically, and it is found that wear failure and fatigue failure are the two main failure types of shredder hammer. The shredding process of metal scraps is analyzed by finite element method, and it can be divided into four stages based on the stress states: initial stage, collision stage, grinding stage and separation stage. It is proved that the shredding efficiency can be improved by increasing cutouts on the hammer head. Finally, it is determined that the hammer with two cutouts is the optimal structure for metal scraps, which can improve the shredding efficiency by 20% and lengthen the hammer life by 15%. This study provides scientific basis for the industry application and theoretical foundation for further research.

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“…Shredder hammers are used to reduce the size of the ferrous scrap fed into the electric arc furnace [1]. Big rotors are equipped with several hammers [2], whose impact against the scrap provides the fragmentation [3] and the comminution [4] of dismissed mechanical parts. Some typical damages occur during the life of the shredder hammer and affect its dynamic response [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic behavior and prevention of the damage of material of the massive hammer of the scrap shredding machine

2013

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Shredders are used for comminuting the metallic scrap fed to the electric arc furnace and consist of a set of hammers connected to a main ro-tor, whose rotation converts the kinetic energy into a strong impact. Design of the hammer is still based on some daily practice, but often it looks insufficient to predict the effects of wear and the cracks monitored in service. To reduce costs and improve the product quality manufacturers of shredders urgently need for a design tool suitable to predict the hammer dynamic behavior, the damage of material and to locate the stress concentration. Unfortunately no comprehensive design approach was yet proposed in the literature. This paper investigates the behavior of an industrial prototype of shredder to develop such as design tool. A first rotor-dynamic analysis was combined with a numerical investigation, performed through the Multi

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Size Reduction of Metals by Means of Swing‐Hammer Shredders

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Preparation and Melting of Scrap in Aluminum Recycling: A Review

Preparation and Melting of Scrap in Aluminum Recycling: A Review

Failure mechanisms and structural optimization of shredder hammer for metal scraps

Dynamic behavior and prevention of the damage of material of the massive hammer of the scrap shredding machine

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