Sizing and shaping the nucleus: mechanisms and significance

Jevtić, Predrag; Edens, Lisa J.; Vuković, Lidija; Levy, Daniel L.

doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2014.01.003

Cited by 168 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The size and shape of interphase nuclei are diverse and depend on DNA content, cell type, and physiological state, but little is known about the factors regulating nuclear morphology [7,8]. Plant nuclei differ from those in animal cells by components of the nuclear envelope [9][10][11] and exhibit a diverse and highly dynamic organization of their chromosome and chromatin content [recent reviews by [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Organization Of Plant Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced structural changes in plant chromatin

Probst

Scheid

2015

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

161

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Stress defense in plants is elaborated at the level of protection and adaptation. Dynamic changes in sophisticated chromatin substructures and concomitant transcriptional changes play an important role in response to stress, as illustrated by the transient rearrangement of compact heterochromatin structures or the modulation of chromatin composition and modification upon stress exposure. To connect cytological, developmental, and molecular data around stress and chromatin is currently an interesting, multifaceted, and sometimes controversial field of research. This review highlights some of the most recent findings on nuclear reorganization, histone variants, histone chaperones, DNA- and histone modifications, and somatic and meiotic heritability in connection with stress.

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Section: Organization Of Plant Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced structural changes in plant chromatin

Probst

Scheid

2015

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

161

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“…36 Therefore, we focused on the shapes of the nuclei of cells with decreased levels of LINC components. To measure morphology, 60 regions, including the nucleus, were extracted from Pap-stained images of siRNA-treated cells and analyzed using wndchrm.…”

Section: Depletion Of Sun1 Affects Nucleolar Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of the integral nuclear envelope protein SUN1 induces alteration of nucleoli

Matsumoto

Sakamoto

Matsumori

et al. 2016

Nucleus

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A supervised machine learning algorithm, which is qualified for image classification and analyzing similarities, is based on multiple discriminative morphological features that are automatically assembled during the learning processes. The algorithm is suitable for population-based analysis of images of biological materials that are generally complex and heterogeneous. Here we used the algorithm wndchrm to quantify the effects on nucleolar morphology of the loss of the components of nuclear envelope in a human mammary epithelial cell line. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, an assembly of nuclear envelope proteins comprising mainly members of the SUN and nesprin families, connects the nuclear lamina and cytoskeletal filaments. The components of the LINC complex are markedly deficient in breast cancer tissues. We found that a reduction in the levels of SUN1, SUN2, and lamin A/C led to significant changes in morphologies that were computationally classified using wndchrm with approximately 100% accuracy. In particular, depletion of SUN1 caused nucleolar hypertrophy and reduced rRNA synthesis. Further, wndchrm revealed a consistent negative correlation between SUN1 expression and the size of nucleoli in human breast cancer tissues. Our unbiased morphological quantitation strategies using wndchrm revealed an unexpected link between the components of the LINC complex and the morphologies of nucleoli that serves as an indicator of the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells.

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“…Abnormal shape and size are linked with a number of diseases such as cancer and progeria. 8 Misshapen or lobulated nuclei are used to identify cancerous tissue and estimate cancer grade. 3 Lamin gene mutations, called laminopathies, lead to misshapen nuclei and cause muscular dystrophy or premature aging in the case of progeria by disrupting the structural network they form around the nuclear periphery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodicity of nuclear morphology in human fibroblasts

Seaman

Meixner

Snyder

et al. 2015

Nucleus

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Motivation: Morphology of the cell nucleus has been used as a key indicator of disease state and prognosis, but typically without quantitative rigor. It is also not well understood how nuclear morphology varies with time across different genetic backgrounds in healthy cells. To help answer these questions we measured the size and shape of nuclei in cellcycle-synchronized primary human fibroblasts from 6 different individuals at 32 time points over a 75 hour period.Results: The nucleus was modeled as an ellipsoid and its dynamics analyzed. Shape and volume changed significantly over this time. Two prominent frequencies were found in the 6 individuals: a 17 hour period consistent with the cell cycle and a 26 hour period. Our findings suggest that the shape of the nucleus changes over time and thus any time-invariant shape property may provide a misleading characterization of cellular populations at different phases of the cell cycle. The proposed methodology provides a general method to analyze morphological change using multiple time points even for non-live-cell experiments.

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Sizing and shaping the nucleus: mechanisms and significance

Cited by 168 publications

References 124 publications

Stress-induced structural changes in plant chromatin

Stress-induced structural changes in plant chromatin

Loss of the integral nuclear envelope protein SUN1 induces alteration of nucleoli

Periodicity of nuclear morphology in human fibroblasts

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