Skeletal–Extraskeletal Angiomatosis in a Dog

Abstract

An 8-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog had an ill-defined hemorrhagic and painful lesion in the base of the claw of the second digit of the right forelimb. Radiographically, the expansile and lytic lesion affected the distal phalanx. The digit was amputated and submitted for histologic examination. Histologically, the distal phalanx was largely replaced by a mass composed of variably sized cavernous vascular spaces lined by a single layer of flattened endothelial cells. A similar mass was in the subcutis adjacent to the distal phalanx. The benign vascular proliferation involving the medulla of bone and a second tissue type in this dog is consistent with skeletal-extraskeletal angiomatosis as described in humans. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of skeletal-extraskeletal angiomatosis in the veterinary literature.Angiomatosis is a condition with multiple tumorlike lesions caused by congenital or developmental malformations of blood vessels. In veterinary medicine, the term angiomatosis has been used to describe various conditions, including a benign dermal vasoproliferative lesion in young adult cattle (cutaneous bovine angiomatosis); 5 multifocal vascular proliferations in the abdominal and thoracic viscera (disseminated hemangioma) in a dog; 4 vascular malformations in the thoracic vertebrae (vertebral angiomatosis) in cats; 14 multifocal vascular proliferations in the dermis and subcutis (cutaneous angiomatosis) in dogs, 8,12 cats, 2,12 and horses; 13 multifocal nodules of numerous abnormal vascular channels in the intestines and/or ovary in horses; 9,13 and vascular malformations in the meninges (meningoangiomatosis) in dogs.1 Here, we report skeletal-extraskeletal angiomatosis characterized by vascular proliferative lesions involving the distal phalanx and the adjacent subcutis of the second digit of the right forelimb in a dog. Clinical HistoryAn 8-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog was presented to the University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for an ill-defined lesion of the claw base of the second digit of the right forelimb, with pain and profuse bleeding. Radiographically, an expansile and lytic lesion was observed in the distal phalanx of the affected digit (Fig. 1). Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. There was a normocytic hypochromic anemia (hematocrit, 22% [reference interval, 37-57%]; mean corpuscular volume, 59 fl [reference interval, 59-76 fl]; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, 28.1 g/dl [reference interval 32.0-36.4 g/dl]) with mild polychromasia and reticulocytosis (reticulocyte, 4% [no reference range]). Hematologic findings were consistent with the clinical history of profuse external hemorrhage. Based on the location of the lesion and the radiographic findings, subungual squamous cell carcinoma was suspected. The affected digit was amputated at the metacarpophalangeal joint and submitted for histopathology. Gross and Histologic FindingsThe amputated digit was fixed in 10% formalin for approximately 24 hours before trimming...

Equine orbital angiomatosis

“…Most veterinary reports of this condition occur in young animals and are believed to be either a congenital or developmental malformation of blood vessels (Watson and Thompson ; Kuroki et al . ). Angiomatosis is uncommon in veterinary species and there is a paucity of cases reported in equids.…”

“…The specific cause is unknown but has been postulated to be incited by inflammatory reactions, bacterial or viral infections, a congenital anomaly, or neoplastic transformation (Cotchin and Swarbrick 1963;Mitchell and Schoen 2009). Most veterinary reports of this condition occur in young animals and are believed to be either a congenital or developmental malformation of blood vessels (Watson and Thompson 1990;Kuroki et al 2010). Angiomatosis is uncommon in veterinary species and there is a paucity of cases reported in equids.…”

“…In veterinary medicine, angiomatosis has been reported in numerous species and does not appear to characteristically involve the vascular anomalies of the cerebrum as in human angiomatosis syndromes (Palmer and Hickman 1960;Cotchin and Swarbrick 1963;Cho et al 1979;Platt 1987;Watson and Thompson 1990;Richard et al 1995;Kim et al 2005;Kuroki et al 2010;Luppi et al 2010). When reported in young cattle the disease is called juvenile bovine angiomatosis and is characterised by numerous benign thin-walled channels lined by endothelial cells of varying differentiation within a connective tissue stroma that is attempting to form blood or lymph vessels (Watson and Thompson 1990).…”

Multi‐system progressive angiomatosis in a dog resembling blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in humans

“…) and skeletal‐extraskeletal angiomatosis (Kuroki et al . ). In humans, vascular proliferations include angioma serpiginosum, multiple infantile haemangioma, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS), nevus flammeus (port wine stain), Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome (osteohypertrophic nevus flammeus), Sturge‐Weber syndrome, cherry angiomas and lobular capillary haemangioma (pyogenic granuloma) (Nappi & Wick , Paller , Cooper , Requena & Sanchez , Peavy et al .…”

A case of isolated diffuse splenic haemangiomatosis in a dog

“…Clinical forms of angiomatosis have previously been recognised in dogs. These include cutaneous angiomatosis (Peavy and others 2001, Kim and others 2005, Olivieri and others 2010), scrotal-type vascular hamartoma or progressive angiomatosis, in which the lesions were mainly on the scrotal area and acral areas or face, respectively (Gross and others 2005, Olivieri and others 2010), skeletal–extraskeletal angiomatosis (Kuroki and others 2010), and multisystem progressive angiomatosis where the lesions were mainly cutaneous, oesophageal or gastrointestinal, or on the visceral peritoneal lining of abdominal organs (Ide and others 2013). Gal and others (2013) reported a case of splenic littoral cell angiosarcoma in a beagle.…”