Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Maroto-Izquierdo, Sergio; García-López, David; Fernandez‐Gonzalo, Rodrigo; Moreira, Osvaldo Costa; González‐Gallego, Javier; Paz, José Antonio de

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.004

Cited by 154 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The rotatory inertial devices have been designed to provide a maximal resistance load during the CON phase, and they offer a substantially higher ECC load than free weight exercises [5]. Training with these devices elicits higher gains in terms of muscle power and sprinting efficiency, when compared with traditional weight-stack exercises [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer

et al. 2019

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The aims of this study were to analyse the effect of chronic strength training over concentric power (CON), eccentric power (ECC), ECC/CON ratio, and 20 m linear sprint performance in elite young soccer players. Twenty young elite Spanish soccer players were assigned to an experimental group (CPG) which performed a front-step exercise using a conical pulley, 2–3 sets of 6 repetitions each leg, during 9 weeks (CPG, n=10) in addition to its usual strength training, or to a control group (CG, n=10). The improvements in the ECC mean power (36%, ES=1.61), and ECC / CON ratio (17%, ES=1.77) were substantially greater in the CPG than in the CG while the CON mean power (16%, ES=0.83) was substantially greater in the CG than in the CPG. The sprinting time for 10 m (2.8%, ES=0.78) and the 10 m flying time between 10–20 m (1.72%, ES=0.41) were substantially enhanced in CPG and CG respectively. To be efficient when defining a functional strength training and performance increments using an inertial device, the mean power output need to be measured during the CON and ECC phases and an analysis of the ECC / CON ratio should be included.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer

et al. 2019

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“…Several meta-analyses have examined the effectiveness of FIT on muscle hypertrophy, strength, power, and other performance characteristics [103][104][105]. Two of the previous meta-analyses support the use of FIT over free weights and weight stack training [103,104]; however, another meta-analysis disputes these findings and notes that FIT did not provide any additional benefits to muscle strength compared with gravity-dependent resistance training [105].…”

Section: Flywheel Inertial Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

Suchomel

Wagle²,

Douglas³

et al. 2019

JFMK

107

127

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The purpose of this review was to provide a physiological rationale for the use of eccentric resistance training and to provide an overview of the most commonly prescribed eccentric training methods. Based on the existing literature, there is a strong physiological rationale for the incorporation of eccentric training into a training program for an individual seeking to maximize muscle size, strength, and power. Specific adaptations may include an increase in muscle cross-sectional area, force output, and fiber shortening velocities, all of which have the potential to benefit power production characteristics. Tempo eccentric training, flywheel inertial training, accentuated eccentric loading, and plyometric training are commonly implemented in applied contexts. These methods tend to involve different force absorption characteristics and thus, overload the muscle or musculotendinous unit in different ways during lengthening actions. For this reason, they may produce different magnitudes of improvement in hypertrophy, strength, and power. The constraints to which they are implemented can have a marked effect on the characteristics of force absorption and therefore, could affect the nature of the adaptive response. However, the versatility of the constraints when prescribing these methods mean that they can be effectively implemented to induce these adaptations within a variety of populations.

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“…Several meta-analyses have examined the effectiveness of FIT in improving muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power output [26][27][28][29]; however, very little practical information regarding the sets, repetitions, intensities, or frequencies that can be used to optimize training has been provided. Tesch et al [30] summarized the findings of a number of FIT studies and provided some practical guidelines for YoYo™ exercise training.…”

Section: Flywheel Inertial Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these studies have displayed positive increases in muscle size, the participants trained using isolated, single-joint movements (e.g., knee extension) or small muscle group exercises (e.g., shoulder abduction). As a result, the conclusions drawn within the meta-analyses may be biased, given that 77.8% [26,27], 70.0% [29], and 57.1% [28] of the studies included for muscle size were based on these movements. While these exercises may be beneficial for body building and rehabilitation settings, they are not commonly prescribed when training team sport athletes.…”

Section: Flywheel Inertial Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 2: Practical Recommendations

Suchomel

Wagle²,

Douglas³

et al. 2019

JFMK

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The purpose of this review is to provide strength and conditioning practitioners with recommendations on how best to implement tempo eccentric training (TEMPO), flywheel inertial training (FIT), accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), and plyometric training (PT) into resistance training programs that seek to improve an athlete’s hypertrophy, strength, and power output. Based on the existing literature, TEMPO may be best implemented with weaker athletes to benefit positional strength and hypertrophy due to the time under tension. FIT may provide an effective hypertrophy, strength, and power stimulus for untrained and weaker individuals; however, stronger individuals may not receive the same eccentric (ECC) overload stimulus. Although AEL may be implemented throughout the training year to benefit hypertrophy, strength, and power output, this strategy is better suited for stronger individuals. When weaker and stronger individuals are exposed to PT, they are exposed to an ECC overload stimulus as a result of increases in the ECC force and ECC rate of force development. In conclusion, when choosing to utilize ECC training methods, the practitioner must integrate these methods into a holistic training program that is designed to improve the athlete’s performance capacity.

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Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 154 publications

References 55 publications

Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer

Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 2: Practical Recommendations

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