Skeletal muscle mass in relation to 10 year cardiovascular disease incidence among middle aged and older adults: the ATTICA study

Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Georgousopoulou, Ekavi; Chrysοhoou, Christina; Tousoulis, Dimitrios; Haro, Josep María; Pitsavos, Christos

doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212268

Cited by 85 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…sarcopenia are associated with increased risk of CVD (26)(27)(28)(29)(30) . It is well documented that sarcopenia is a significant predictor of death in older adults, including those who are community-dwelling, care home residents or hospitalised patients (31)(32)(33) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality

Atkins¹,

Wannamathee

2020

Br J Nutr

117

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Obesity is a major public health issue with prevalence increasing worldwide. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for CVD and mortality in adult populations. However, the impact of being overweight or obese in the elderly on CVD and mortality is controversial. Some studies even suggest that overweight and obesity, measured by BMI, are apparently associated with a decreased mortality risk (known as the obesity paradox). Ageing is associated with an increase in visceral fat and a progressive loss of muscle mass. Fat mass is positively associated and lean mass is negatively associated with risk of mortality. Therefore, in older adults BMI is not a good indicator of obesity. Sarcopenia has been defined as the degenerative loss of muscle mass, quality and strength with age and is of major concern in ageing populations. Sarcopenia has previously been associated with increased risks of metabolic impairment, cardiovascular risk factors, physical disability and mortality. It is possible for sarcopenia to co-exist with obesity, and sarcopenic obesity is a new class of obesity in older adults who have high adiposity levels together with low muscle mass, quality or strength. Therefore, sarcopenia with obesity may act together to increase their effect on metabolic disorders, CVD and mortality. This review will discuss the available evidence for the health implications of sarcopenic obesity on CVD and mortality in older adults.

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confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality

Atkins¹,

Wannamathee

2020

Br J Nutr

117

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“…guidelines are followed. Given the association of low muscle mass and function with morbidity and mortality [30][31][32], underestimating the prevalence of sarcopenia will likely have more dire consequences and higher health care costs in the long run. SARC-F has poor sensitivity but high speci city for sarcopenia de nitions including FNIH and EWGSOP1 [33] and may detect severe cases [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of sarcopenia and associations of sarcopenia components with physical function and health-related quality of life in Australian older adults performing exercise training

Akehurst¹,

Scott²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Sarcopenia can be prevented and treated with exercise, particularly resistance training. Our aim was to explore the prevalence of sarcopenia and associations of its components with self-reported function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults training at conventional or Helsinki University Research [HUR] gyms owned and operated by an aged care provider, Uniting AgeWell in Melbourne. Methods Eighty community-dwelling older adults (mean ± SD 76.5\(\pm\)6.5 years) already undergoing resistance training were assessed for muscle strength (hand grip strength and chair stands), appendicular lean mass, and physical performance (gait speed [GS], short physical performance battery [SPPB], timed up and go [TUG] and 400-metre walk [400mW]). Pearson correlations examined associations of sarcopenia components with self-reported function (via SARC-F) and HRQoL (via AQoL-4D) in which higher scores mean worse function and better quality, respectively. Results Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 1.3–10.3% depending on the definition applied, with no significant differences between gym types. In the HUR group, GS (r=-0.593) and SPPB (r=-0.626) were negatively associated (p < 0.001) with function, while TUG (r = 0.683; p < 0.01) was positively associated with function. Similar associations were observed with the HRQoL independent living component. Equivalent associations for conventional gym participants were observed for SPPB and TUG (function) and GS and TUG (HRQoL). Additionally, 400 mW time (r = 0.537) and appendicular lean mass (r = 0.586) were positively associated with function in the conventional gym users (p < 0.01). Similar, but negative, associations of 400 mW (r=-0.553; p < 0.01) were also observed with HRQoL, suggesting better function was linked to independent living and better mental health. Hand grip strength was not associated with function or HRQoL in either group. Conclusion Sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling older adults participating in supervised exercise programs was low and did not differ based on gym type. Mobility-related measures, fitness and lean mass measures in conventional gym users only were associated with function and HRQoL. However, muscle strength was not associated with these outcomes.

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“…(iii) Taken together, these findings might suggest a link of gut microbiota composition and cardiometabolic health. Central obesity, for example, high waist-height ratio, has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality [43], whereas muscle mass seems to protect from cardiovascular disease [44]. Additionally, previous studies already have shown associations of the gut microbiome with cardiometabolic risk factors [45] and are supported by mechanistic studies in mice, suggesting a role for gut bacteria in dietary energy harvest and fatty acid metabolism [41].…”

Section: Adiposity Measurement Selectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of Adiposity Measures and Operational Taxonomic unit (OTU) Data Transformation Procedures in Stool Samples from a German Cohort Study Using Machine Learning Algorithms

et al. 2020

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The analysis of the gut microbiome with respect to health care prevention and diagnostic purposes is increasingly the focus of current research. We analyzed around 2000 stool samples from the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) cohort using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing representing a total microbial diversity of 2089 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We evaluated the combination of three different components to assess the reflection of obesity related to microbiota profiles: (i) four prediction methods (i.e., partial least squares (PLS), support vector machine regression (SVMReg), random forest (RF), and M5Rules); (ii) five OTU data transformation approaches (i.e., no transformation, relative abundance without and with log-transformation, as well as centered and isometric log-ratio transformations); and (iii) predictions from nine measurements of obesity (i.e., body mass index, three measures of body shape, and five measures of body composition). Our results showed a substantial impact of all three components. The applications of SVMReg and PLS in combination with logarithmic data transformations resulted in considerably predictive models for waist circumference-related endpoints. These combinations were at best able to explain almost 40% of the variance in obesity measurements based on stool microbiota data (i.e., OTUs) only. A reduced loss in predictive performance was seen after sex-stratification in waist–height ratio compared to other waist-related measurements. Moreover, our analysis showed that the contribution of OTUs less prevalent and abundant is minor concerning the predictive power of our models.

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Skeletal muscle mass in relation to 10 year cardiovascular disease incidence among middle aged and older adults: the ATTICA study

Cited by 85 publications

References 38 publications

Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality

Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality

Prevalence of sarcopenia and associations of sarcopenia components with physical function and health-related quality of life in Australian older adults performing exercise training

Investigation of Adiposity Measures and Operational Taxonomic unit (OTU) Data Transformation Procedures in Stool Samples from a German Cohort Study Using Machine Learning Algorithms

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