Skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion responses to cuff occlusion and submaximal exercise assessed by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound: The effect of age

Abstract

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The Association Between Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Derived Measures of Calf Muscle Microvascular Responsiveness in Older Adults

“…However, the limits of agreement for TTP 95 and slope measures in the present study are smaller than the differences previously reported between healthy controls and people with CVD derived from CEUS [9,[28][29][30] and NIRS [27,31]. Furthermore, the test-retest reliability of the NIRS-derived measures of TTP 95 in the present study (CV=8.3763.7%) is similar to that previously reported for CEUS [10] and NIRS [15]. Therefore, NIRS-derived measures of post-occlusion skeletal muscle microvascular responsiveness may provide a suitable non-invasive alternative to CEUS in detecting the presence of skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction.…”

“…Plethysmography assesses whole-limb blood flow, including the contribution of the macrovascular and cutaneous circulations, in addition to the skeletal muscle microvasculature. Plethysmography measures have previously been compared with CEUS measures of calf muscle microvascular blood flow [9,10]. Post-occlusion whole-leg blood flow (plethysmography) correlated with post-occlusion calf muscle microvascular blood flow (CEUS) in older adults with and without peripheral arterial disease (r=0.84, p,0.01) [9]; however, no relationship was found between the same measures in younger and older adults (r=0.39, p=0.07) [10].…”

“…Plethysmography measures have previously been compared with CEUS measures of calf muscle microvascular blood flow [9,10]. Post-occlusion whole-leg blood flow (plethysmography) correlated with post-occlusion calf muscle microvascular blood flow (CEUS) in older adults with and without peripheral arterial disease (r=0.84, p,0.01) [9]; however, no relationship was found between the same measures in younger and older adults (r=0.39, p=0.07) [10]. This is likely due to the strong contribution of macrovascular function to plethysmography derived measures of reactive hyperaemia.…”

“…cuff-occlusion), time-intensity curves from the corresponding increase in acoustic intensity (AI) are analysed to obtain parameters reflecting microvascular responsiveness, including time to peak response (TTP), area under the curve (AUC) (a measure of the total response) and the rate (slope) of the response. Post-occlusion microvascular flow responses have excellent test-retest reliability in young and older adults with and without CVD [9,10]. However, CEUS is limited by the need for: intravenous cannulation and administration of a contrast agent requiring medical supervision; sophisticated image analysis procedures; and the costs of ultrasound contrast agents, equipment and analysis software.…”

Electrical stimulation to regain lower extremity muscle perfusion and endurance in patients with post‐acute sequelae of SARS CoV‐2: A randomized controlled trial

“…It has been previously reported that muscle activity can stimulate mitochondrial respiration (Tonkonogi et al, 1998), and enhanced mitochondrial capacity has been linked to endurance training, whether physical (Daussin et al, 2008;Porter et al, 2015) or through E-Stim therapy (Daussin et al, 2008;Porter et al, 2015). Therefore, we speculate that the 4 week continuous muscle activation induced by E-Stim therapy might have enhanced the mitochondrial recovery of gastrocnemius myocytes in the IG, leading to a reperfusion reaction similar to that observed in healthy subjects (Barron et al, 1997;Meneses et al, 2020;Shang et al, 2013). However, further studies are necessary to confirm this speculation.…”