Ski resorts in crisis and territorial construction in French Catalonia

Abstract

Developing or converting the economy of tourist areas involves management of the intermunicipal tourism resource. Inter-municipal relations are often presented as a "management of interdependencies" (Mayntz, 1997), the aim of which is to make public action more efficient through the sharing of resources. It has even become a tool for territorial control (Cattla, 2007) where the boundaries between the public and private sphere become blurred and alliances contribute to increasingly hybrid forms of solidarity (Simoulin, 2007). Certainly, in the tourism sector it has experienced rapid development over the last fifteen years, since it has been made unavoidable by European and regional standards and policies, the additional principles of financial round-tables, and recourse to multiple public-private co-financing arrangements 1 . 2The only way of evaluating its effects is to conduct an in-depth case study. Generally, case thinking is found to be richer than exemplification where researchers are always tempted to chose the example that is most suited to what they want to show, thus discarding, whether it be deliberate or not, the constraints that contradict their approach. In the field of ski resorts in crisis, a case had to be chosen that met several conditions: a rich and well-established tourism economy in a winter sports resort, a history of inter-municipal relations that had been subjected to the policies of different administrative authorities set up by the State over the past 40 years, providing us with the possibility of distinguishing between deadweight effects (from contributions of DGE-DGF type) and local willingness to group together, an area with sufficient potential tourism resources to Ski resorts in crisis and territorial construction in French Catalonia

Resilience: Analyzing the Crisis Management of Ski Resorts in China

“…Normal management is based on a stable environment and efficiency management is the core of operation. Correspondingly, risk management is based on a complex dynamic environment and takes survival as the core element (Vles, 2012). The impact of COVID-19 in early 2020 has shown that there are still some problems in the resilience of the ski resorts in China in the face of risks.…”

The decision-making modeling for the building project scope evaluation in conditions of the recreational territory development

“…Науково-практичні дослідження з розвитку туристично-рекреаційних ресурсів здійснюються як зарубіжними, так і українськими авторами. Загалом зарубіжні дослідники використовують у якості вихідної інформації рекреаційний потенціал власної країни, регіону тощо [4,5]. Разом з тим розробляються й загальні науково-практичні інструменти, наприклад такі, як модель рівня задоволеності місцевої громади від використання ресурсного потенціалу їх території (економічні та екологічні чинники) [6].…”

Environmental Management and Sustainable Labels in the Ski Industry: A Critical Review

“…In this context, snowmaking is able to increase the number of skiable days, reducing, by contrast, the vulnerability of the ski resorts [20,24]. The same studies, however, assert that the concurrence of several factors [11], including the location and above all the economic and environmental stress deriving from the intense use of snowmaking, will pose a critical threat to the economic sustainability of several ski resorts in the coming years [5,25]. As Abegg et al [26] point out, the costs of snowmaking are important, especially for the small and medium-size installations, and can be divided into three different factors: investment, operational, and maintenance costs.…”