Skiing- and Snowboarding-Related Injuries Treated in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2002

Xiang, Hao; Kelleher, Kelly J.; Shields, Brenda J.; Brown, Keri J.; Smith, Gary A.

doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000151270.26634.dd

Cited by 84 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There are four main causes of TBI: traffic accidents [1], work and sports accidents [2,3], and violence [4,5]. Recent data suggest that anterior pituitary dysfunction is common after TBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

et al. 2005

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Incidence rates of traumatic brain injury are high in both industrialized and non-industrialized countries and have been estimated variously to be between 150-250 cases per 100,000 population per year. The estimated incidence rates for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are between 10 to 25 cases per 100,000 population per year. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage has been reported in studies from different countries, with significant seasonal variations and peak periods for aneurysmal SAH differing widely. A differential racial distribution for SAH has been found as well as a higher mortality rate for women than for men. The cognitive and behavioral consequences of TBI and SAH are significant and affect the quality of life of patients and their families. Recent publications have informed of hypopituitary deficits in patients sustaining TBI or SAH. It is not clear whether the cognitive deficits found in these patients are due to the consequences of the brain injury itself or are related to the hypopituitary deficits. There is a need for research distinguishing the differential cognitive and behavioral effects of the brain injury and the endocrinological deficits in these patients, and for developing adequate treatment.

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“…There are four main causes of TBI: traffic accidents [1], work and sports accidents [2,3], and violence [4,5]. Recent data suggest that anterior pituitary dysfunction is common after TBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

et al. 2005

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“…Selection of an appropriate denominator for injury rates can have a major impact on final conclusions. For example, Xiang et al 35 found that age-specific injury-rate differences calculated by using the number of snow-skiing participants as the denominator disappeared when US census population estimates were used as the denominator. This led to their conclusion that, especially in sports-and recreation-related injury research, participation data more accurately reflect risk exposure and are more appropriate for calculating injury rates.…”

Section: Limitations Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheerleading-Related Injuries to Children 5 to 18 Years of Age: United States, 1990–2002

Shields

Smith

2006

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE. To describe the epidemiology of cheerleading-related injuries among children in the United States. DESIGN.A retrospective analysis of data for children 5 to 18 years old from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1990Commission, -2002 METHODS. Sample weights provided by the NEISS were used to make national estimates of cheerleading-related injuries. Injury rates were calculated for the most frequently occurring types of injury using cheerleading participation data.RESULTS. An estimated 208 800 children (95% confidence interval [CI]: 166 620 -250 980) 5 to 18 years of age were treated in US hospital emergency departments for cheerleading-related injuries during the 13-year period of 1990 -2002. The number of injuries increased by 110% from 10 900 in 1990 to 22 900 in 2002, with an average of 16 100 (95% CI: 12 848 -19 352) injuries per year (P Ͻ .01). The average age of injured children was 14.4 years (median: 15.0 years); 97% were female; and 85% of injuries occurred to children 12 to 17 years old. The number of injuries per 1000 participants per year was greater for 12-to 17-yearolds (8.1) than for 6-to 11-year-olds (1.2) for all cheerleading-related injuries combined (P Ͻ .01; relative risk [RR]: 6.49; 95% CI: 6.40 -6.58), as well as for injuries grouped by body part injured and type of injury. The body parts injured were lower extremity (37.2%), upper extremity (26.4%), head/neck (18.8%), trunk (16.8%), and other (0.8%). Injury diagnoses were strains/sprains (52.4%), soft tissue injuries (18.4%), fractures/dislocations (16.4%), lacerations/avulsions (3.8%), concussions/closed head injuries (3.5%), and other (5.5%). Children in the 12-to 18-year age group were more likely to sustain strains or sprains to the lower extremity than 5-to 11-year-olds (P Ͻ .01; RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.50 -1.88). The majority of patients with cheerleading-related injuries was treated and released from the emergency department (98.7%). Patients sustaining fractures or dislocations were more likely to be admitted to the hospital than those sustaining other types of injury (P Ͻ .01; RR: 5.30; 95% CI: 3.29 -6.43).www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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“…Snowboarders are affected by other types of injuries and they also experience a higher injury rate of 4-16 injuries per 1000 snowboarder days (7). In the literature, it is widely accepted that snowboarders are at an increased risk of head and upper arm injuries, chiefly wrist injuries (4,(8)(9)(10)(11). Skiing accidents in different countries may not always follow the same pattern of injury or incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Recreational Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries: six years experience in the largest ski resort in Finland

Stenroos

Handolin

2014

Scand J Surg

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Background and Aims: the aim of this study was to provide information on incidences and severity of recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding injuries in northern finland and to discuss possible preventive measures to reduce the number and severity of injuries in the future.Materials and Methods: this retrospective study consists of all injured skiers and snowboarders in the levi Ski Resort during the 2006-2012 winter seasons. the levi Ski Resort has a SkIdata ® system which records automatically every ski-lift run taking place. the emergency system of the resort registers the data (conditions during the injury, patient characteristics, and observed and/or suspected injuries) of all injured persons they meet. the severity of injury is defined by the needed level of care: grade 1 (treated by the emergency system with no need for further referral), grade 2 (referral to the local primacy care clinic), grade 3 (transfer to hospital by ambulance), and grade 4 (transfer to tertiary care by helicopter).Results: during the 6-year study period, there were 29,576.132 lift runs and 2911 injuries were met by the emergency system, resulting in the average injury incidence of 0.98 injuries per 10,000 lift runs. Vice versa, the average number of the ski-lift rides needed to generate one injury was 10,160. the knee injuries of the skiers constituted almost onethird of all cases, whereas snowboarders sustained more injuries to the upper limb and axial areas.Conclusion: Skiing and snowboarding are related to a relatively high risk of injury. the most common injuries affect the knee in skiers and the upper extremity, especially the wrist, in snowboarders. a continuous and systematic review of injuries is needed to monitor the effects of changes made in terms of the safety.

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Skiing- and Snowboarding-Related Injuries Treated in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2002

Abstract: Our study is the first to demonstrate that older skiers are at highest risk for injury. Adolescents are at highest risk for snowboarding-related injury. Prevention of TBI should be a top injury control priority among skiers and snowboarders.

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Cheerleading-Related Injuries to Children 5 to 18 Years of Age: United States, 1990–2002

Incidence of Recreational Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries: six years experience in the largest ski resort in Finland

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