Skilled reaching impairments follow intrastriatal hemorrhagic stroke in rats

MacLellan, Crystal L.; Gyawali, Selina; Colbourne, Frederick

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.001

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition to the primary motor cortex 6,7,19,23 , many other brain regions such as the substantial nigra and ventral tegmental area 16,24 , striatum 25 , and hippocampus 26 have been suggested to also play important roles in the single seed reaching task introduced here. Therefore, the single seed reaching task may be useful to study many discriminatory regions of the rodent brain associated with motor learning.…”

Section: Circuitry For Motor Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Chen

Gilmore

Zuo

2014

JoVE

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Reaching for and retrieving objects require precise and coordinated motor movements in the forelimb. When mice are repeatedly trained to grasp and retrieve food rewards positioned at a specific location, their motor performance (defined as accuracy and speed) improves progressively over time, and plateaus after persistent training. Once such reaching skill is mastered, its further maintenance does not require constant practice. Here we introduce a single-pellet reaching task to study the acquisition and maintenance of skilled forelimb movements in mice. In this video, we first describe the behaviors of mice that are commonly encountered in this learning and memory paradigm, and then discuss how to categorize these behaviors and quantify the observed results. Combined with mouse genetics, this paradigm can be utilized as a behavioral platform to explore the anatomical underpinnings, physiological properties, and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Circuitry For Motor Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Chen

Gilmore

Zuo

2014

JoVE

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“…Despite this, detecting treatment effects may be difficult in this model, especially at late time points. The single pellet skilled reaching task is exquisitely sensitive to both reaching impairments after ICH and rehabilitative treatments (MacLellan et al, 2006c(MacLellan et al, , 2011 out to 6 weeks. Although time consuming, skilled reaching tasks (for food reward pellets) are highly sensitive and are therefore recommended for ICH studies, including mice (Baird et al, 2001;Farr and Whishaw, 2002).…”

Section: Outcome End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Appraisal of Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research

MacLellan

Paquette

Colbourne

2012

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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The likelihood of translating therapeutic interventions for stroke rests on the quality of preclinical science. Given the limited success of putative treatments for ischemic stroke and the reasons put forth to explain it, we sought to determine whether such problems hamper progress for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Approximately 10% to 20% of strokes result from an ICH, which results in considerable disability and high mortality. Several animal models reproduce ICH and its underlying pathophysiology, and these models have been widely used to evaluate treatments. As yet, however, none has successfully translated. In this review, we focus on rodent models of ICH, highlighting differences among them (e.g., pathophysiology), issues with experimental design and analysis, and choice of end points. A Pub Med search for experimental ICH (years: 2007 to 31 July 2011) found 121 papers. Of these, 84% tested neuroprotectants, 11% tested stem cell therapies, and 5% tested rehabilitation therapies. We reviewed these to examine study quality (e.g., use of blinding procedures) and choice of end points (e.g., behavioral testing). Not surprisingly, the problems that have plagued the ischemia field are also prevalent in ICH literature. Based on these data, several recommendations are put forth to facilitate progress in identifying effective treatments for ICH.

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“…It is has been postulated that different sizes of injury, even if those injuries are of the same type, can affect the ability of a behavioral test to detect defi cits in behavior [17,25]. Therefore, we tested the effects of increasing volumes of endothelin-1, hypothesizing that we would see a dose-response with regards to infarct volumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Montoya staircase test, the animal must climb onto a counter and reach down to a series of steps, isolating the left front paw from the right [11,17,18]. On each step an incentive is placed and the number retrieved by each forepaw is recorded after a standard time period has elapsed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the test may be recorded for detailed kinematic analysis of the reach, it is most often employed as a quantitative test, reporting only the percent success rate [18,19]. In the skilled forelimb reaching test, the animal is placed in a box and learns, after extensive training, to extend its dominant forepaw through a vertical slit to retrieve a food item from a fi xed location [12,14,17,18]. The rat is allowed to choose which paw it prefers to use, thus handedness must be taken into account when designing the study [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparing Staircase and Skilled Forelimb Reaching Tests After Endothelin-1-Induced Stroke

Jager¹,

Canda²,

Gilbertson³

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurol Sci Disord

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Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, but there are limited treatment options available despite extensive animal studies. A possible contributing factor for this discrepancy involves limitations of behavioral testing outcomes to assess therapeutic interventions. There are few comparisons to aid the researcher in choosing the most appropriate test. To address this issue, we compared the ability of two of the most commonly used fi ne-motor skills tests, the Montoya staircase and skilled forelimb reaching tests, to detect endothelin-1-induced ischemic strokes in the rat.Methods: Rats were trained for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of testing to establish baseline behavior. Rats then received intracerebral injections of increasing volumes of endothelin-1 to induce ischemia. 7 days post-injury, rats were re-tested. Stroke volume was estimated on brain sections.Results: 8 uL of endothelin-1 produced larger strokes than 2 or 4 uL injections. The skilled forelimb reaching test was able to detect post-stroke defi cits in 4 and 8 uL rats while the staircase test only detected defi cits in the 8 uL rats. Conclusion:The skilled forelimb reaching test may be more appropriate for researchers studying the effects of smaller strokes.

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Skilled reaching impairments follow intrastriatal hemorrhagic stroke in rats

Cited by 57 publications

References 43 publications

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

A Critical Appraisal of Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research

Comparing Staircase and Skilled Forelimb Reaching Tests After Endothelin-1-Induced Stroke

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