Skimmed Goat’s Milk Powder Enriched with Grape Pomace Seed Extract: Phenolics and Protein Characterization and Antioxidant Properties

Milinčić, Danijel D.; Kostić, Aleksandar Ž.; Gašić, Uroš; Lević, Steva; Stanojević, Sladjana P.; Barać, Miroljub B.; Tešić, Živoslav Lj.; Nedović, Viktor; Pešić, Mirjana B.

doi:10.3390/biom11070965

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This is particularly important in the case of polyphenols with regard to many unknown representatives of this group. In the case of extracts, the most sensible way to measure their antioxidant capacity is to use a variety of methods that may relate to different mechanisms of antioxidant action [ 40 , 41 ]. The antioxidant evaluation has been conducted using the conventional scavenging free radical method (DPPH), reducing power activity (CUPRAC), and silver nanoparticle-based assay (SNPAC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Extracts with Proven Antioxidant Activity

et al. 2021

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Natural extracts are a rich source of biomolecules that are useful not only as antioxidant drugs or diet supplements but also as complex reagents for the biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The natural product components can act as strong reducing and capping substrates guaranteeing the stability of formed NPs. The current work demonstrates the suitability of extracts of Camellia sinensis, Ilex paraguariensis, Salvia officinalis, Tilia cordata, Levisticum officinale, Aegopodium podagraria, Urtica dioica, Capsicum baccatum, Viscum album, and marine algae Porphyra Yezoensis for green synthesis of AgNPs. The antioxidant power of methanolic extracts was estimated at the beginning according to their free radical scavenging activity by the DPPH method and reducing power activity by CUPRAC and SNPAC (silver nanoparticle antioxidant capacity) assays. The results obtained by the CUPRAC and SNAPC methods exhibited excellent agreement (R2~0.9). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size, and zeta potential. The UV-vis absorption spectra showed a peak at 423 nm confirming the presence of AgNPs. The shapes of extract-mediated AgNPs were mainly spherical, spheroid, rod-shaped, agglomerated crystalline structures. The NPs exhibited a high negative zeta potential value in the range from −49.8 mV to −56.1 mV, proving the existence of electrostatic stabilization. FTIR measurements indicated peaks corresponding to different functional groups such as carboxylic acids, alcohol, phenol, esters, ethers, aldehydes, alkanes, and proteins, which were involved in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. Among the examined extracts, green tea showed the highest activity in all antioxidant tests and enabled the synthesis of the smallest nanoparticles, namely 62.51, 61.19, and 53.55 nm, depending on storage times of 30 min, 24 h, and 72 h, respectively. In turn, the Capsicum baccatum extract was distinguished by the lowest zeta potential, decreasing with storage time from −66.0 up to −88.6 mM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Extracts with Proven Antioxidant Activity

et al. 2021

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“…Heat-treated skim goat milk fortified with 0.6 mg TPC per mL milk was prepared according to the procedure described in our previous study [ 22 ]. This powder was selected for in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, due to having the best antioxidant properties among three tested milk/grape-pomace-seed extract powders analyzed in a previous study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total phenolic content and antioxidant properties (TAC; FRP; ABTS •+ scavenging activity, ABTS •+ ; and FCC) of the digestive cocktail control and the initial and digested samples were evaluated according to previously described methods [ 17 , 21 , 22 ]. Experiments for TPC and all antioxidant methods were conducted in triplicate ( n = 3) and results were expressed as mg GAE/100 mL (TPC), mg ascorbic acid (AA)/mL (TAC, FRP, ABTS) and mg EDTA/mL (FCC).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of studies conducted used cow’s milk, while the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in the presence of goat milk has been scarcely studied until recently [ 20 , 21 ]. In our previous research, goat-milk powders fortified with different concentrations of grape-pomace-seed extract have been developed, and their antioxidant properties have been examined [ 22 ]. However, the data considering the bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant activity in the newly developed digested product are still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

et al. 2022

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This study deals with the evaluation of the bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from heat-treated skim goat-milk powder fortified with grape-pomace-seed extract, after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD MS/MS) analysis confirmed the abundant presence of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols in the grape-pomace-seed extract (SE) and heat-treated skim goat-milk/seed-extract powder (TME). After in vitro digestion of TME powder and recovery of total quantified phenolics, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids were 18.11%, 24.54%, and 1.17%, respectively. Low recovery of grape-pomace-seed phenolics indicated strong milk protein–phenolic interactions. Electrophoretic analysis of a soluble fraction of digested heat-treated skim goat milk (TM) and TME samples showed the absence of bands originating from milk proteins, indicating their hydrolysis during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The digested TME sample had better antioxidant properties in comparison to the digested TM sample (except for the ferrous ion-chelating capacity, FCC), due to the presence of bioaccessible phenolics. Taking into account the contribution of the digestive cocktail, digested TME sample had lower values of total phenolic content (TPC), in vitro phosphomolybdenum reducing capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing power (FRP), compared to the undigested TME sample. These results could be attributed to low recovery of phenolic compounds. TME powder could be a good carrier of phenolics to the colon; thus, TME powder could be a promising ingredient in the formulation of functional food.

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“…The addition of grapeseed extract enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the milk. [23] Development of a functional food ingredient by incorporation of grape pomace extract.…”

Section: Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Valorization Strategy of Wine Industry by-Products and Their Application in Cosmetics—Case Study: Grape Pomace and Grapeseed

Ferreira

Santos

2022

Molecules

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Grape pomace and grapeseed are agro-industrial by-products, whose inadequate treatment generates socioeconomic and environmental concerns. Nevertheless, it is possible to valorize them by extracting their bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants (phenolic compounds), vitamin E and fatty acids. The bioactive compounds were extracted using solid-liquid extraction. The yields for phenolic compounds were 18.4 ± 0.4% for grape pomace, and 17.4 ± 0.4%, for grapeseed. For the oil, the yields were 13.3 ± 0.2% and 14.5 ± 0.3% for grape pomace and grapeseed. Antioxidant capacity was assessed by the assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and showed that phenolic extract has higher antioxidant capacity than the oils. Grape pomace and grapeseed extracts exhibit, correspondingly, values of 90.8 ± 0.8 and 87.5 ± 0.5 of DPPH inhibition and IC50 of 48.9 ± 0.5 and 55.9 ± 0.7 μgextract·mLDPPH−1. The antimicrobial capacity was assessed by the disk diffusion test, and revealed that, phenolic extracts inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The obtained extracts were incorporated in 10 face cream formulations, with slight modifications in quantities of formulation stabilizers. Their stability was studied for 35 days, and this revealed the possibility of incorporating extracts and oils obtained from by-products as antioxidants in cosmetics, and replacing synthetic ones. As a future recommendation, microencapsulation of the extracts should be performed, in order to increase their stability.

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Skimmed Goat’s Milk Powder Enriched with Grape Pomace Seed Extract: Phenolics and Protein Characterization and Antioxidant Properties

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Extracts with Proven Antioxidant Activity

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Extracts with Proven Antioxidant Activity

Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

A Potential Valorization Strategy of Wine Industry by-Products and Their Application in Cosmetics—Case Study: Grape Pomace and Grapeseed

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