Skin bacterial transplant in atopic dermatitis: Knowns, unknowns and emerging trends

Hendricks, Aleksi J.; Mills, Brandy W.; Shi, Vivian Y.

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.07.001

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Correcting AHR signaling via administration of AHR agonist FICZ or transplantation of Trp-metabolizing Lactobacillus strains proved to be effective at reducing intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease ( 49 ), and FICZ also attenuated skin inflammation in a mouse model of psoriasis ( 50 ). Studies on the effects of topically applied bacterial products and skin bacterial transplants have yielded promising results in animal models and human studies of atopic dermatitis ( 45 , 51 ). Our study suggests that such approaches may help restore immune homeostasis in HS skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in hidradenitis suppurativa

Guenin-Macé¹,

Morel²,

Doisne³

et al. 2020

JCI Insight

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disorder of unknown etiology that manifests as recurrent, painful lesions. Cutaneous dysbiosis and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of active HS, but their origin and interplay remain unclear. Our metabolomic profiling of HS skin revealed an abnormal induction of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in dermal fibroblasts, correlating with the release of kynurenine pathway–inducing cytokines by inflammatory cell infiltrates. Notably, overactivation of the kynurenine pathway in lesional skin was associated with local and systemic depletion in tryptophan. Yet the skin microbiota normally degrades host tryptophan into indoles regulating tissue inflammation via engagement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In HS skin lesions, we detected contextual defects in AHR activation coinciding with impaired production of bacteria-derived AHR agonists and decreased incidence of AHR ligand-producing bacteria in the resident flora. Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the skin-microbiota interface thus provides a mechanism linking the immunological and microbiological features of HS lesions. In addition to revealing metabolic alterations in patients with HS, our study suggests that correcting AHR signaling would help restore immune homeostasis in HS skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in hidradenitis suppurativa

Guenin-Macé¹,

Morel²,

Doisne³

et al. 2020

JCI Insight

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“…Staphylococci also induced a marked increase in the expression of the down regulatory IL10 cytokine, particularly after 24 h, which attenuated the inflammatory response and may aid in improving the skin swelling, erythema and inflammation [ 69 ]. The peptidoglycan in the cell wall of Staphylococci induces the release of known immunosuppressive mediators such as IL10, PGE 2 , and TGFβ [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on primary human skin fibroblast cells

et al. 2020

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Staphylococcus haemolyticus ( S. haemolyticus ) is one of the Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) that inhabits the skin as a commensal. It is increasingly implicated in opportunistic infections, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections. In contrast to the abundance of information available for S. aureus and S. epidermidis , little is known about the pathogenicity of S. haemolyticus , despite the increased prevalence of this pathogen in hospitalized patients. We described, for the first time, the pathogenesis of different clinical isolates of S. haemolyticus isolated from DFU on primary human skin fibroblast (PHSF) cells. Virulence-related genes were investigated, adhesion and invasion assays were carried out using Giemsa stain, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MTT and flowcytometry assays. Our results showed that most S. haemolyticus carried different sets of virulence-related genes. S. haemolyticus adhered to the PHSF cells to variable degrees. TEM showed that the bacteria were engulfed in a zipper-like mechanism into a vacuole inside the cell. Bacterial internalization was confirmed using flowcytometry and achieved high intracellular levels. PHSF cells infected with S.haemolyticus suffered from amarked decrease in viability and increased apoptosis when treated with whole bacterial suspensions or cell-free supernatants but not with heat-treated cells. After co-culture with PBMCs, S. haemolyticus induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study highlights the significant development of S. haemolyticus , which was previously considered a contaminant when detected in cultures of clinical samples. Their high ability to adhere, invade and kill the PHSF cells illustrate the severe damage associated with DFU infections. Abbreviations CoNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; DFU, diabetic foot ulcer; DM, diabetes mellitus; DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; MTT, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PBMCs,peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PHSF, primary human skin fibroblast; CFU, colony-forming unit.

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“…Another biotech company proposes micro‐encapsulated freeze‐dried Lactobacilli in an oil‐in‐water cream . Last but not least another approach, inspired by the success of faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection , suggests the transplantation of bacterial communities from one individual to another as well as the topical application of selected beneficial bacterial strains to modulate and rebalance the microbiota composition when pathological dysbiosis occurs, for example for the treatment of acne vulgaris or atopic dermatitis . Given the promising results, it is reasonable to assume that, in the near future, we will see more and more cosmetic products embracing the new philosophy of taking care (protect or balance) of the skin microbiota.…”

Section: Present and Future Perspectives In The Skincare Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the secret life of skin ‐ with the microbiome you never walk alone

Sfriso

Egert

Gempeler

et al. 2019

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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The human skin microbiome has recently become a focus for both the dermatological and cosmetic fields. Understanding the skin microbiota, that is the collection of vital microorganisms living on our skin, and how to maintain its delicate balance is an essential step to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for healthy skin and its appearance. Imbalances in the skin microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are associated with several skin conditions, either pathological such as eczema, acne, allergies or dandruff or non‐pathological such as sensitive skin, irritated skin or dry skin. Therefore, the development of approaches which preserve or restore the natural, individual balance of the microbiota represents a novel target not only for dermatologists but also for skincare applications. This review gives an overview on the current knowledge on the skin microbiome, the currently available sampling and analysis techniques as well as a description of current approaches undertaken in the skincare segment to help restoring and balancing the structure and functionality of the skin microbiota.

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Skin bacterial transplant in atopic dermatitis: Knowns, unknowns and emerging trends

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in hidradenitis suppurativa

Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in hidradenitis suppurativa

Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on primary human skin fibroblast cells

Revealing the secret life of skin ‐ with the microbiome you never walk alone

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