Skin Barrier Function and the Microbiome

Abstract

Human skin is the largest organ and serves as the first line of defense against environmental factors. The human microbiota is defined as the total microbial community that coexists in the human body, while the microbiome refers to the collective genome of these microorganisms. Skin microbes do not simply reside on the skin but interact with the skin in a variety of ways, significantly affecting the skin barrier function. Here, we discuss recent insights into the symbiotic relationships between the microbiome and the skin barrier in physical, chemical, and innate/adaptive immunological ways. We discuss the gut-skin axis that affects skin barrier function. Finally, we examine the effects of microbiome dysbiosis on skin barrier function and the role of these effects in inflammatory skin diseases, such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Microbiome cosmetics can help restore skin barrier function and improve these diseases.

Skin microbiome attributes associate with biophysical skin ageing

“…[1][2][3] Recently, it has also been shown that the skin microbiome can regulate the formation, repair and function of the epidermal barrier. [4][5][6] Conversely, numerous behavioural and host intrinsic factors shape the skin microbiome composition, including the substantial physiologic changes inherent to skin ageing. Our initial metagenomic characterizations of older adult cohorts 7 suggest that the skin microbiome varies substantially in the long term, especially during the process of ageing.…”

“…Mechanistically, skin microbes have long been known to contribute to skin physiology, including training and modulating the skin immune system, influencing the surface pH of the skin through lipid metabolism, and providing colonization resistance against pathogens 1–3 . Recently, it has also been shown that the skin microbiome can regulate the formation, repair and function of the epidermal barrier 4–6 …”

Network Pharmacology Approach for the Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Acne

“…Among them, vascular endothelial cells and follicular epithelial cell function are important in uencing factors, both of which are involved in pathophysiological processes related to skin barrier impairment [27] ,…”

Skin microbiome attributes associate with biophysical skin aging

“…Mechanistically, skin microbes have long been known to contribute to skin physiology, including training and modulating the skin immune system, influencing the surface pH of the skin through lipid metabolism, and providing colonization resistance against pathogens [1][2][3] . Recently it has also been shown that the skin microbiome can regulate the formation, repair, and function of the epidermal barrier [4][5][6] .…”