Skin irritation potential of graphene-based materials using a non-animal test

Fusco, Laura; Garrido, M. Isabel; Martín, Cristina; Sosa, Silvio; Ponti, Cristina; Centeno, Alba; Alonso, Beatriz; Zurutuza, Amaia; Vázquez, Éster; Tubaro, Aurelia; Prato, Maurizio; Pelin, Marco

doi:10.1039/c9nr06815e

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In vitro and in vivo tests showed that the choice of the specific graphene-based material incorporated in the composites and the method of use are of key importance regarding the risks associated with the application of such materials for biomedical applications [51,52]. Our in silico toxicity screening studies of these nanomaterials (Table S2) [53] confirmed some potential for graphene, GO and rGO to induce skin sensitization due to the presence of conjugated dienes in their structures, supported by observations in both in vitro and in vivo models [54][55][56][57][58]. Moreover, hydroxynaphthalene derivatives such as rGO were demonstrated as estrogen receptor modulators [59].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Electroresponsive Silk-Based Biohybrid Composites for Electrochemically Controlled Growth Factor Delivery

et al. 2020

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Stimuli-responsive materials are very attractive candidates for on-demand drug delivery applications. Precise control over therapeutic agents in a local area is particularly enticing to regulate the biological repair process and promote tissue regeneration. Macromolecular therapeutics are difficult to embed for delivery, and achieving controlled release over long-term periods, which is required for tissue repair and regeneration, is challenging. Biohybrid composites incorporating natural biopolymers and electroconductive/active moieties are emerging as functional materials to be used as coatings, implants or scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Here, we report the development of electroresponsive biohybrid composites based on Bombyx mori silkworm fibroin and reduced graphene oxide that are electrostatically loaded with a high-molecular-weight therapeutic (i.e., 26 kDa nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β)). NGF-β-loaded composite films were shown to control the release of the drug over a 10-day period in a pulsatile fashion upon the on/off application of an electrical stimulus. The results shown here pave the way for personalized and biologically responsive scaffolds, coatings and implantable devices to be used in neural tissue engineering applications, and could be translated to other electrically sensitive tissues as well.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Electroresponsive Silk-Based Biohybrid Composites for Electrochemically Controlled Growth Factor Delivery

et al. 2020

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“…GO (batch #GOB067) was supplied by Graphenea (San Sebastian, Spain). The complete characterization of the material was previously reported: 24 briefly, the elemental analysis showed average values of 59.40 ± 0.10% C, 1.40 ± 0.10% H, 0.07 ± 0.02% N and <36.6% O. The average lateral dimension, evaluated by laser diffraction in the GO slurry, was 15 100 ± 400 nm with a lateral size distribution located between 6000 and 30 000 nm.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…For the complete GO physicochemical characterization, refer to our previous study performed with the same batch of GO. 24 The synthesis of GO was done in acidic media (H 2 SO 4 ) and the final dispersion of the material was in water. The purification was carried out by repeated washings in distilled water, but elemental analysis revealed that a small percentage of S (around 2%) remained in the final material, mostly as SO 4 2− .…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological impact of graphene oxide: toxic effects on the model organism Artemia franciscana

Cavion

Fusco

Sosa

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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“…Graphene Oxide flakes dimensions were checked by using dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) (90Plus/BI-MAS ZetaPlus multi angle particle size analyzer; Brookhaven Instruments Corp.) 12 . For all of the experiments, GO was used at a concentration of 50 mg/l, concentration that has been recognized as non-toxic for eukaryotic cells and, very recently, absolutely not toxic for cutaneous administration 31 – 36 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide affects Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual species biofilm in Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm model

Giulio

Lodovico

Fontana

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Chronic wound management becomes a complex procedure because of the persistence of forming biofilm pathogens that do not respond to antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this paper is to detect the Graphene Oxide-GO effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual species wound biofilm in Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm-LCWB model. LCWB is a recognized model that mimics the spatial microbial colonization into chronic wounds and reproduces the wound and its clot. Staphylococcus aureus PECHA 10 and P. aeruginosa PECHA 4, are the pathogens used in the study. The GO effect on both in forming and mature biofilms, is detected by the evaluation of the CFU/mg reduction, the cell viability and ultrastructural analysis of the treated LCWBs. Graphene Oxide, at 50 mg/l, shows a significant antibiofilm effect in forming and mature LCWBs. In particular, during the biofilm formation, GO reduces the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa growth of 55.05% ± 4.73 and 44.18% ± 3.91 compared to the control. In mature biofilm, GO affects S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by reducing their growth of 70.24% ± 4.47 and 63.68% ± 17.56, respectively. Images taken by SEM show that GO display a disaggregated microbial effect also disrupting the fibrin network of the wound-like biofilm framework. In conclusion, GO used against microorganisms grown in LCWB, displays a significant inhibitory action resulting in a promising tool for potential application in wound management.

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Skin irritation potential of graphene-based materials using a non-animal test

Abstract: Graphene related materials, if prepared with non-irritant exfoliation agents, do not induce skin irritation on a 3D model of human epidermis, following the OECD guideline 439.

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Electroresponsive Silk-Based Biohybrid Composites for Electrochemically Controlled Growth Factor Delivery

Electroresponsive Silk-Based Biohybrid Composites for Electrochemically Controlled Growth Factor Delivery

Ecotoxicological impact of graphene oxide: toxic effects on the model organism Artemia franciscana

Graphene Oxide affects Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual species biofilm in Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm model

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