Skin Temperature in Lower Hind Limb Subjected to Distal Vein Arterialization in Rats

Abstract

Vascular surgery for distal vein arterialization (DVA) has been adopted clinically as a strategy for saving arteriosclerotic lower limbs from amputation. To gain more detailed information on DVA, the present study investigated the procedure in hind limbs of rats under isoflurane anesthesia. Since successful DVA requires destruction of venous valves, a coronary angioplasty catheter guidewire was used to destroy valves either solely in the femoral vein or in both femoral and popliteal veins. The femoral artery was then anastomosed to the femoral vein with sutures under binocular microsopic control. Changes in the distribution of skin blood flow in the hind limbs were studied with a thermal camera. Skin temperature increased in the thigh and knee after femoral venous valve destruction, but hyperthermia was observed in the distal leg and foot only when the valves in the popliteal vein were also disrupted. These results showed that increased arterial blood flow could be established by DVA surgery in both the proximal and distal regions of the hind limbs.

Optimization of an Arterialized Venous Fasciocutaneous Flap in the Abdomen of the Rat

“…The rationale for this is that skin temperature is proportional to integumentary perfusion. 25 Our study lends support to the use of infrared thermography imaging for AVF perfusion evaluation, because it confirmed an inferior temperature in these flaps comparatively to CPFs and to the contralateral side of the abdomen. Additionally, in all AVFs, temperature was lower in the caudal third of the flap, where necrosis was more commonly found.…”

Isquemia e reperfusão por circulação retrógrada: estudo comparativo experimental

“…They also showed that hyperthermia of the distal extremity only occurred when the valves in the popliteal vein were ruptured. 10 The increased mean temperature of arterialized ischemic limbs, observed from T3 onwards, suggests that the system is patent and confirms the utility of valvulotomy of the arterialized vein.…”

“…Diverting flow in a retrograde direction through the venous circulation is a feasible alternative that is supported by evidence from countless published studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The concept is based on the theory that in the absence of primary arterial blood pressure in arterioles, blood supplied by arterialization of the distal venous system is capable of supplying the peripheral tissues and providing adequate oxygenation. [3][4][5]13 Many different variables have been used to evaluate tissue hypoxia in animal models, such as assessment of arterial flow using Doppler ultrasound (US), 14,15 temperature measurements, 16 blood gas analysis, 17 lactate 18 and creatine phosphokinase (CP) assays, 19 and measurements of arterial blood pressure at extremities.…”

Simultaneous bilateral distal venous arterialization between redial artery and cephalic vein in dorsal hand for Raynaud's phenomenon in both hands: A case report

“…target skeletal muscle (Graham et al, 1989;Ozek et al, 1997). More recent studies have shown increased skin blood flow after venous arterialization in animal models (Kopelman et al, 1998;Sasajima et al, 2014).…”