Skin tests with influenza virus

Habershon, R. B.; Molyneux, Malcolm E.; Slavin, G; Loewi, G.; Tyrrell, D. A. J.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400023019

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, a toxic agent different from any of the toxic substances mentioned in this report should be looked for , provided that the local reactions are not of immunological nature. There is a report suggesting that a delayed hypersensitivity reaction might be caused by a component(s) of influenza virus itself (Habershon et al, 1973). APPENDIX By use of the data (see the attached figure) borrowed from Dr. S. Kanoh, the regression coefficient.of the temperature rise in the rabbit by influenza virus against log dose was calculated to be 1.1541.…”

Section: Effects O F Heat and Formaldehyde Treatments On Early Leukopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicities of Influenza Vaccine: Peripheral Leukocytic Response to Live and Inactivated Influenza Viruses in Mice

Kurokawa

Ishida

Asakawa

et al. 1975

JJMSB

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Section: Effects O F Heat and Formaldehyde Treatments On Early Leukopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicities of Influenza Vaccine: Peripheral Leukocytic Response to Live and Inactivated Influenza Viruses in Mice

Kurokawa

Ishida

Asakawa

et al. 1975

JJMSB

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“…In previous clinical trials with other live influenza virus vaccines, low level transmission was reported between close contacts (McDonald et al 1962), but could not be demonstrated between volunteers in closed communities (Davenport et al 1971;Habershon et al 1973;Lamy et al 1973). In a trial of 'Alice' live influenza vaccine carried out at The Centre for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, no evidence of transmission was observed in wives of 31 live virus vaccinees who had received doses of vaccine similar to those employed in this study (R. J. Rubin, G. R. Noble, L. Corey, D. Brandling-Bennett, H. Kaye, M. T. Coleman, W. J.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative trials of live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines

Mackenzie¹,

MacKenzie²,

Lloyd³

et al. 1975

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYComparative clinical trials of live attenuated and detergent-split subunit influenza virus vaccines were undertaken with 1048 volunteers in Western Australia. Volunteers were divided into three main groups, each of which received either live virus vaccine or a saline control administered intranasally, or subunit vaccine injected subcutaneously. No differences were recorded between the three groups in their post-vaccination symptoms. Serum samples were collected at various times up to 50 weeks after vaccination, and antibody titres were measured by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests and, for 231 volunteers, by virus neutralization tests. The two vaccines were almost equivalent in inducing seroconversion in vaccinees with pre-trial HI titres of 96 or less, but the subunit vaccine stimulated a higher geometric mean HI antibody titre. The longevity of the HI antibody response was greater for the live virus vaccine. The height of the response and the longevity of neutralizing antibody were the same for both vaccines. Both vaccines provided a high degree of protection against epidemic A/England/42/72 influenza, and some protection against A/Port Chalmers/1/73 influenza.

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“…However, there is remarkably little information on the possible role of the other major aspect of cellmediated immunity, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), although DTH to influenza virus has been demonstrated in natural human infection [7,81 and in mice injected with matrix protein incorporated in Freund's complete adjuvant [9].…”

Section: [I 23731mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and characterization of delayed‐type hypersensitivity to influenza virus in mice

1979

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Mice infected with an aerosol of influenza virus or immunized with purified UVinactivated whole virus or viral subunits developed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to influenza virus. The level of DTH was greatly enhanced when mice were injected intraperitoneally 2 days prior to immunization with 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. The reaction peaked at 24 h after elicitation, had the classical DTH histology, and was transferable by immune cells but not by immune serum. DTH induced in cyclophosphamide-pretreated mice persisted for at least 40 days after sensitization. DTH induced by deoxycholate-treated subviral particles (DC particles) or the matrix protein of the influenza virus was type-specific, i.e. DTH induced by D C particles or matrix protein of type A virus cross-reacted only with type A virus and not with type B virus. DTH induced by purified hemagglutinin (HA) subunits, on the other hand, showed subtype specificty. Thus, DTH induced by H A of X31 virus (H3) did not cross-react with PR8 virus (HO). However, DTH induced by HA of one subtype cross-reacted significantly with the variants of the same subtype. Thus, it appears that the effector T cells of DTH do not discriminate between the antigenic variants of influenza virus that are distinguishable by serology. DTH induced by purified, UVinactivated whole virus showed extensive cross-reactivity. This nonspecific reaction was shown to be due to host-derived material, the lipid bilayer. -The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Skin tests with influenza virus

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Toxicities of Influenza Vaccine: Peripheral Leukocytic Response to Live and Inactivated Influenza Viruses in Mice

Toxicities of Influenza Vaccine: Peripheral Leukocytic Response to Live and Inactivated Influenza Viruses in Mice

Comparative trials of live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines

Induction and characterization of delayed‐type hypersensitivity to influenza virus in mice

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