“…Tracheal intubation results in an increase in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamine levels, all of which reach a peak within a minute after the stimulus [20–22, 24–26]. Although this stress response may be attenuated by opioids and anesthetics [8, 16, 20, 25, 27, 28], it will not be eliminated with clinically relevant anesthetic doses [18, 25, 27, 28].…”