Skin Wound Healing Rate in Fish Depends on Species and Microbiota

Yun, Tery; Shin, Soeun; Bang, K.B.; Lee, Mugeun; Cho, Jung-Ah; Baek, Min Won

doi:10.3390/ijms22157804

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Wound healing in fish is a complex process that can demand days, weeks, or even months to complete, depending on the type and size of wound, the wound's location on the body, the species of fish in question, infection occurrences, suture type and retention, and environmental temperatures (Jepsen et al 2002; Caputo et al 2009; Ceballos‐Francisco et al 2017; Schoonyan et al 2017; Sveen et al 2020; Yun et al 2021). We echo concerns previously raised by others (e.g., Gilliland 1994; Jepsen et al 2002) that gut sutures may be inappropriate in situations where the suture is likely to be absorbed or shed before wound healing is complete.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile strength and knot security of five suture materials exposed to natural summer conditions of a temperate lake

Reid

Cooke

2023

J Aqua Anim Hlth

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ObjectiveWild fish and other aquatic ectotherms are often subjected to procedures during field research that require wound closure using sutures. A variety of absorbable sutures are available for such purposes, yet degradation processes are highly dependent on temperature, and the environments in which wild ectotherms are released are almost always colder than the conditions for which absorbable sutures are typically designed (i.e., ~37°C). We therefore studied the degradation of various suture materials under a set of biologically relevant conditions for temperate freshwater fish.MethodsUsing a force gauge, we tested the tensile strengths and knot securities of loops tied with five different absorbable suture materials (PDS‐II, dyed coated Vicryl, undyed coated Vicryl, plain gut, and chromic gut) prior to and during submersion in a temperate lake over an 8‐week period.ResultThe naturally derived collagen‐based suture materials (i.e., plain gut and chromic gut) exhibited major decreases in tensile strength within 2 weeks of submersion but maintained relatively high knot security throughout the study period. The synthetic suture loops had poorer initial knot securities that increased following submersion and showed little to no evidence of degradation after 8 weeks.ConclusionVariable rates of absorbable suture degradation, or lack thereof, were observed. We discuss the implications of these trends for fish welfare considerations such as suture retention, wound healing, inflammation, and infection under natural conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile strength and knot security of five suture materials exposed to natural summer conditions of a temperate lake

Reid

Cooke

2023

J Aqua Anim Hlth

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“…Studies of wound healing in fish have shown that wound type (mechanical versus ulcer‐inducing pathogens), location on the body, water quality, and mucosal immune factors (Ceballos‐Francisco et al 2017; Sveen et al 2020) can all play a role. Recently, species differences in wound healing were related to habitat, skin types, and the associated microbiome (Yun et al 2021). Further research will be needed to identify factors that may influence the SMB microbiome and healing of dermal lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends in Macroscopic Indicators of Fish Health in the South Branch Potomac River

Keplinger

Hedrick

Blazer

2022

N American J Fish Manag

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Over recent decades, the South Branch Potomac River, West Virginia, has experienced fish kills and episodes of suppressed health in adult fish that have spanned small stretches to nearly 120 km of contiguous habitat. Although factors such as endocrine disruption, chemical contaminants, and infectious agents have been detected, no single causal mechanism has been identified. To gain information about the temporal nature of abnormalities, differences in life stage impacts, and potential risk factors, investigations of rank scores of macroscopic fish health indicators were conducted utilizing seasonal and annual boat electrofishing surveys for Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu (SMB) and Golden Redhorse Moxostoma erythrurum (GDR). Gill and body abnormalities were assigned rank scores for each fish based on visual severity and were tested for correlation with seasonal climatic (flow and stream temperature) and environmental (stream pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity) factors. Comparisons between juveniles and adults for these species indicated that body lesions were more common for adult GDR and gill lesions were more common for adult SMB. Significantly higher rank sums of adult gill abnormalities corresponded with heavy annual mortality of SMB between ages 2 and 3 (86%), the period during which this species transitions from juvenile to adult length. Higher ranks were frequently assigned to fish of both species for gill and body/fin lesions in summer and fall samples. Low stream discharge and lower pH correlated with elevations of body raised lesions (GDR) and body erosions (GDR and SMB) as well as erosions of the gill lamellae (SMB). This study connects the disciplines of fisheries management, fish health, and environmental monitoring, providing information gained through tracking the macroscopic conditions of these two indicator species to focus future studies and better understand risks to fish health.

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“…All fish in the immersion challenge received a skin wound based on the results from the pilot experiments. Skin wounds were induced following the methods described in Yun et al (2021) using a 4 mm‐diameter skin biopsy punch (Kai® Medical, Japan). The induced skin wound removed the epidermis and dermis of the skin, exposing subcutaneous tissue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold temperature stress and damaged skin induced high mortality in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) challenged with Vibrio harveyi

Samsing

Zhang

Zadoks

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Most diseases in aquaculture are caused by opportunistic pathogens. One of them, Vibrio harveyi, is a widespread Gram-negative bacterium that has become an important pathogen of aquatic species in marine environments. Here, we propose the use of the causal pie model as a framework to conceptualize the causation of vibriosis in juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and to establish an effective challenge model. In the model, a sufficient cause, or the causal pie, is a constellation of component causes that lead to an outcome (e.g. vibriosis). In the pilot study, a high cumulative mortality (63.3% ± 10.0%, mean ± SE) was observed when V. harveyi was administered by intraperitoneal injection using a high challenge dose [10 7 colony-forming units (CFU) fish −1 ], but low or no mortality was observed in fish subject to cold stress or fish with intact skin when challenged by immersion. We, therefore, tested the use of a skin lesion (induced with a 4-mm biopsy punch) combined with cold temperature stress to induce vibriosis following the causal pie model. After challenge, fish were immediately subject to cold stress (22°C) or placed at an optimal temperature of 30°C. All groups were challenged with 10 8 CFU mL −1 for 60 min. A considerably higher mortality level (72.7% ± 13.9%) was observed in fish challenged with both a skin lesion and cold stress compared with mortality in fish only having a skin lesion (14.6% ± 2.8%). V. harveyi was re-isolated from all moribund fish and was detected by species-specific real-time PCR in gills, head kidney and liver, regardless of challenge treatment confirming vibriosis as the cause of disease. Parenchymal tissues had histopathological changes consistent with vibriosis. Whole-genome sequence (WGS) is provided for the Vibrio harveyi isolate examined in this study. Overall, the causal pie model was a useful framework to conceptualize the design of the experimental challenge model, in which both cold stress and skin damage were identified as component causes of vibriosis with high mortality. This conceptual framework can be applied to other opportunistic pathogens in aquaculture or to the study of co-infections in fish.

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Skin Wound Healing Rate in Fish Depends on Species and Microbiota

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Tensile strength and knot security of five suture materials exposed to natural summer conditions of a temperate lake

Tensile strength and knot security of five suture materials exposed to natural summer conditions of a temperate lake

Temporal Trends in Macroscopic Indicators of Fish Health in the South Branch Potomac River

Cold temperature stress and damaged skin induced high mortality in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) challenged with Vibrio harveyi

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