Skinfold Thickness at 8 Common Cryotherapy Sites in Various Athletic Populations

Jutte, Lisa S.; Hawkins, Jeremy R.; Miller, Kevin; Long, Blaine; Knight, Kenneth L.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.170

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Another limitation is that we did not obtain neuromuscular activity and cooling rate (e. g., subcutaneous tissue thickness and tissue temperature). Subcutaneous tissue thickness of ankle and knee joints in collegiate athletes has recently been reported [19]. In this study, male collegiate athletes (n = 265; body mass index: 26.3 kg/m 2 ; body surface area: 2.15 m 2 ) had an average of 3.0 mm and 11.8 mm over the anterior talofibular ligament and medial collateral ligament, respectively.…”

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confidence: 72%

Joint Cooling does not Hinder Athletic Performance during High-intensity Intermittent Exercise

et al. 2016

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We examined the effects of ankle and knee joint cooling on 20-m sprint times and maximal vertical jump heights during high-intensity intermittent exercise. 21 healthy collegiate male basketball (n=14) and handball players (n=7) underwent 3 experimental sessions. Each session consisted of four 15-min quarters of high-intensity intermittent exercises including various intensities of 20-m shuttle running and jumping. A 20-min bilateral joint cooling (ankle, knee, or control-no cooling: in a counterbalanced order) was applied before quarters 1 and 3. After joint cooling, no warm-up activity other than the exercise protocol was given. The 20-m sprint times and maximal vertical jump heights in each experimental session were recorded at baseline (prior to quarter-1) and during each quarter. To test joint cooling effects over time, we performed 3×5 mixed model ANOVAs. Neither ankle nor knee joint cooling changed 20-m sprint times (F8,280=1.45; p=0.18) or maximal vertical jump heights (F8,280=0.76; p=0.64). However, a trend was observed in which joint cooling immediately decreased (quarters 1 and 3) but active warm-up for approximately 20 min improved 20-min sprint times (quarters 2 and 4). Our study suggests that athletic performance such as sprinting and jumping are not altered by joint cooling applied prior to or during high-intensity intermittent exercise.

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confidence: 72%

Joint Cooling does not Hinder Athletic Performance during High-intensity Intermittent Exercise

et al. 2016

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“…Given that sexual dimorphism such as adiposity (Jutte, Hawkins et al 2012) and the menstrual cycle (Coyne, Kesick et al 2000) are likely to alter core and tissue cooling, understanding the effectiveness of WBC is of paramount importance to clinicians, athletes and coaches. In addition female participation is vastly underrepresented in sport and exercise science based research (Costello, Bieuzen et al 2014) and even more so in thermoregulatory based areas such as WBC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualising the exposure of −110 °C whole body cryotherapy: The effects of sex and body composition

Cuttell

Hammond

Langdon

et al. 2017

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Individualising the exposure of −110°C whole body cryotherapy: the effects of sex and body composition. Journal of Thermal Biology. 65, pp. 4147. 03064565. It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole body cryotherapy (WBC) on a range of thermoregulatory measures. We also sought to examine the influence of sex and body composition.A convenience sample of 18 healthy participants (10 males and 8 females) (27±6 yrs) volunteered for this study. Temperature (core, tympanic, skin and mean body), heart rate, blood pressure, and thermal comfort and sensation were recorded pre-and post-(immediately and every 5 min until 35 min post) exposure to a single bout of WBC (30s at -60°C, 150s at 110°C). Anthropometric data (height, weight, body surface area, body mass index, fat mass and fat free mass) were also recorded. No significant differences in temperature (core, tympanic, skin and mean body), heart rate, blood pressure, or thermal comfort / sensation were observed between male and females at baseline.Immediately post WBC mean body (male: 31.9 ± 0.8°C; female: 31.0 ± 0.9°C; ∆ mean body temperature: 0.9 ± 0.1°C; P ≤ 0.05, d = 0.64) and mean skin (male: 22.1 ± 2.2°C; female: 19.6 ± 2.8°C; ∆ mean skin temperature: -2.5 ± 0.6°C; d = 0.99, P ≤ 0.05) temperature was significantly different between sexes. Sex differences were also observed in regional skin temperature (male thigh, 20.8 ± 1.1°C; female thigh, 16.7 ± 1.1°C, ∆ mean thigh skin temperature: -4.1°C; d = 3.72; male calf, 20.5 ± 1.1°C; female calf, 18.2 ± 1°C, ∆ mean calf skin temperature: -2.3 ± 0.1°C; d = 3.61; male arm, 21.7 ± 1°C; female arm, 19 ± 0.4°C, ∆ mean arm skin temperature: -2.7 ± 0.3°C; d = 3.54; P ≤ 0.05). Mean arterial pressure was significantly different over time (P ≤ 0.001) and between sexes (male 0 mins: 94 ± 10mmHg; female 0 mins: 85 ± 7mmHg; male 35 mins: 88 ± 7mmHg; female 35 mins: 80 ± 6mmHg; P ≤ 0.05). Combined data set indicated a strong negative relationship between skin temperature and body fat percentage 35 minutes' post WBC (r = -0.749, P ≤ 0.001) and for core temperature and body mass index in males only (r = 0.726, P ≤ 0.05) immediately after WBC. There were no significant differences between sexes in any other variables (heart rate, tympanic and perceptual variables). We observed sex differences in mean skin and mean body temperature following exposure to whole body cryotherapy. In an attempt to optimise treatment, these differences should be tak...

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“…Patients with skin folds of 20Y30 and 30Y40 mm require two and three times the duration of cryotherapy, respectively, to produce the same cooling effect as observed in the muscle of patients with skin folds less than 20 mm. 23 Thus, body regions with thicker skin folds, such as the deltoid (15.7 [6.7] mm in men, 20.7 [11.4] mm in women) 24 and thigh (14.2 [6.3] mm in men, 23.8 [8.0] mm in women), may experience a reduced cooling effect, which might result in more stationary MUAP parameters during needle electromyography after ethyl chloride spraying, compared with areas such as the forearm (5.4 [2.6] mm in men, 8.4 [3.8] mm in women). Further studies are required to evaluate the changes in MUAP parameters after ethyl chloride spraying at sites with different skin-fold thicknesses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ethyl Chloride Spray on Pain and Parameters of Needle Electromyography in the Upper Extremity

Moon

Kim

2014

American Journal of Physical Medicine &Amp; Rehabilitation

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Skinfold Thickness at 8 Common Cryotherapy Sites in Various Athletic Populations

Abstract: Skinfold thickness at common cryotherapy treatment sites varied based on level of physical activity and sex. Therefore, clinicians should measure skinfold thickness to determine an appropriate cryotherapy duration.

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Joint Cooling does not Hinder Athletic Performance during High-intensity Intermittent Exercise

Joint Cooling does not Hinder Athletic Performance during High-intensity Intermittent Exercise

Individualising the exposure of −110 °C whole body cryotherapy: The effects of sex and body composition

Effects of Ethyl Chloride Spray on Pain and Parameters of Needle Electromyography in the Upper Extremity

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