Skull Typology of Adult Male Kangal Dogs

Abstract

In this study, a total of 16 skulls of the adult male Kangal dog were used. Craniometric measurements for 44 different parts of the skull were made. All investigated features were expressed as mean +/- SD. Cephalic indices and ratios were calculated. These indices and ratios have been compared with the average values of indices calculated for other breeds. A skull index of 50.29 +/- 1.033, a cranial index of 46.05 +/- 2.213, a facial index of 99.62 +/- 3.891, a facial index-1 of 81.67 +/- 3.667, a basal index of 28.71 +/- 1.425, a basal index-1 of 57.91 +/- 1.365, a length-length index-2 of 1.08 +/- 0.045, a length-width index-2 of 1.99 +/- 0.041, a length-width index-4 of 2.18 +/- 0.108, a palatal index-1 of 62.24 +/- 2.528, a palatal index-2 of 65.37 +/- 2.208, a palato-basal ratio of 55.44 +/- 1.975, a palato-basal ratio-1 of 54.47 +/- 1.716, a palato-palatine ratio of 33.71 +/- 0.860, a palato-palatine ratio-1 of 34.30 +/- 0.733, a cranio-facial ratio of 107.87 +/- 4.819 and a cranio-facial ratio-1 of 144.17 +/- 8.099 were obtained. When the skull, cranial and facial indices were considered together with the other calculated indices and ratios, it was clear that the skulls of the Kangal dogs have to be regarded as of dolichocephalic type. Kangal dogs, with their mastiff-like appearance and massive head, are shown in this study to be typical of a dolichocephalic breed.

A Morphometric Study on the Skull of Donkey (Equus asinus)

“…The knowledge of morphometric measurements of skull is of great importance for surgical treatment of pathological conditions and taxonomic affiliation. Previous studies on the skull shapes of animals measured directly from bare skulls (Simoens et al, 1994;Onar et al, 2001;Al-Sagair & ElMougy, 2002;Özcan et al, 2010;Zhu, 2012). Evans & Mcgreevy (2006) established a method for evaluating equine skull morphology that could also be used in live horses.…”

Measurement of intraocular pressure in clinically normal Turkish Shepherd Dogs with the rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) and the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Vet®)

“…Kangal is one of Turkish shepherd dogs, just like the Çatalburun, Kars and Akbas breeds (5,15,27). It takes its name from a district in Sivas Province in Turkey, from which it originates and where it is bred (5).…”

Craniometrical Studies on the Skull of Tibetan Gazelle (Procapra Picticaudata)

“…22 different craniometrical parameters were recorded with the help of measuring scale, thread and digital vernier calipers. These measurements were obtained by using the methods described by Onar and Onar et al (2001). The cephalic indices and ratios were calculated as described by Brehm et al (1985) and Onar.…”