Skyshine interference with radiation detection systems

Kouzes, Richard T.; Ely, James H.; Flumerfelt, Eric; Hensley, W.K.; McCormick, K.; Siciliano, Edward R.

doi:10.1109/nssmic.2008.4774634

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…When primary cosmic particles (mostly protons) enter the atmospheric column, they produce high energy mesons, electrons, and other particles after interacting with its components, and then the secondary cosmic radiations will create (5,6). Terrestrial radiation mostly results from naturally gamma rays radionuclides, and cosmogenic radiation presents the atmospheric reflection of radiation from man-made and terrestrial sources (5,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Natural Background Radiation and Health Risk Assessment in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran

Bagheri

Fouladi

Abedi-Firouzjah

2020

Ann Mil Health Sci Res

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Background: The natural radiation, which comes from the environment, is one of the most important cancer risk sources. Objectives: This study aimed to measure the natural background radiations (BRs) and estimate the annual effective dose (AED), as well as the health risks in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. Methods: background radiations for both indoors and outdoors were measured using a Geiger-Muller detector (X5C plus) in eight cities. Five points were chosen in each city for the BR measurements, and in each point, five stations were randomly selected and measured. Results: The average outdoor and indoor dose rates were obtained 136.9 ± 12.5 and 149.3 ± 19.8 nSv.h-1, respectively. The mean AEDs for adults, children, and infants were 0.17, 0.19, and 0.22 mSv.y-1 resulting from the outdoor exposure, in that order, and these values for indoor irradiation were 0.73, 0.84, and 0.94 mSv.y-1. The percentage of excess lifetime cancer risks due to indoor exposure was 4.6% for whole populations and 3% for adults. The heritable effects risk for these groups were 0.17 and 0.073%, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that the average value of BR dose rates was higher than the global value. The reason can be due to the high exposure levels of hot springs, igneous rock, and high altitudes in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Natural Background Radiation and Health Risk Assessment in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran

Bagheri

Fouladi

Abedi-Firouzjah

2020

Ann Mil Health Sci Res

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“…The third contributor, terrestrial background radiation, is low intensity gamma radiation from the ground that results from the naturally occurring radioactive decay of isotopes of uranium and thorium and their daughters, and potassium ( 40 K). Terrestrial background sources can vary spatially due to the materials in the soil and temporally due to changes in the weather primarily affecting the release of gaseous 222 Rn from the soil [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skyshine Contribution to Gamma Ray Background Between 0 and 4 MeV

Mitchell¹,

Kouzes²,

Borgardt³

2009

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Natural gamma-ray background is composed of four components; which include cosmic rays, cosmic ray produced atmospheric activity, terrestrial sources, and skyshine from terrestrial sources. Skyshine is radiation scattered from the air above a source that can produce a signal in radiation detection instrumentation. Skyshine has been studied for many years but its contribution to the natural background observed in a detector has not been studied. A large NaI(Tl) detector was used to investigate each of the four components of the natural background using a series of 48-hour measurements and appropriate lead shielding configured to discriminate contributions from each component. It was found that while the contribution from skyshine decreases rapidly with energy, it represents a significant portion of the background spectrum below ~500keV. A similar campaign of measurements using a HPGe detector is underway.

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“…kyshine, the radiation scattered from the air above a source, such as radiography or x-ray imaging systems, can be a problematic source of background gamma rays that interfere with radiation detection systems even at very large distances [1]. The effects of skyshine have been studied for many years, but almost entirely within the context of nuclear power and radioactive waste storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shielding of skyshine interference with radiation detection systems

Kouzes¹,

Conlin²,

Kernan³

et al. 2009

2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)

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1 --Skyshine, the radiation scattered from the air above a source, such as radiography or x-ray imaging systems, can be a problematic source of background gamma rays that interfere with radiation detection systems even at very large distances. The effects of skyshine have been studied for many years, but almost entirely within the context of nuclear power and radioactive waste storage. These earlier studies show that modeling of skyshine is made difficult because it must take into account huge volumes of space in the models that slow analysis significantly. This paper reports on results from various modeling and measurement efforts that examine shielding approaches to the skyshine interference problem with radiation detection systems.

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Skyshine interference with radiation detection systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

An Investigation of Natural Background Radiation and Health Risk Assessment in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran

An Investigation of Natural Background Radiation and Health Risk Assessment in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran

Skyshine Contribution to Gamma Ray Background Between 0 and 4 MeV

Shielding of skyshine interference with radiation detection systems

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