Sleep apnea in childhood migraine

Bruni, Oliviero; Miano, Silvia; Galli, Federica; Verrillo, Elisabetta; Guidetti, Vincenzo

doi:10.1007/s101940070039

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In fact, enuresis and migraine could be linked by the cortical system in terms of arousal dysfunction, vegetative hyperactivity,51–53 alteration in motor and visual coordination,18,27,54 and sleep disorders 55–57. As such, PMNE and migraine could be also exacerbated by family stress and/or increase stress for the family 58,59…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor competencies and primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in prepubertal aged children

Esposito¹,

Gallai²,

Parisi³

et al. 2013

NDT

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BackgroundPrimary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a common problem in the developmental ages; it is the involuntary loss of urine during the night in children older than 5 years of age. Several clinical observations have suggested an association between bedwetting and developmental delays in motricity, language development, learning disability, physical growth, and skeletal maturation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of fine motor coordination and visuomotor integration abnormalities in prepubertal children with PMNE.MethodsThe study population included 31 children (16 males, 15 females; mean age 8.14 years ± 1.36 years), and the control group comprised 61 typical developing children (32 males, 29 females; mean age 8.03 years ± 1.44 years). The whole population underwent a clinical evaluation to assess total intelligence quotient level, visuomotor integration (VMI) skills, and motor coordination performance (using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, or M-ABC).ResultsNo significant differences between the two study groups were found for age (P = 0.725), gender (P = 0.886), z-body mass index (P = 0.149), or intellectual abilities (total intelligence quotient) (P = 0.163). The PMNE group showed a higher prevalence of borderline performance on M-ABC evaluation and in pathologic performance on VMI Total Task compared to controls (P < 0.001). No significant differences between the two study groups were found for pathologic performances on the M-ABC (P = 0.07), VMI Visual Task (P = 0.793), and VMI Motor Task (P = 0.213).ConclusionOur findings pinpointed that PMNE should not be considered as a voiding disorder alone and, consequently, the children affected should be referred to specific rehabilitative programs that aim to improve motor coordination and visuomotor integration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor competencies and primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in prepubertal aged children

Esposito¹,

Gallai²,

Parisi³

et al. 2013

NDT

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show abstract

“…In fact, enuresis and migraines could be linked by cortical system arousal dysfunction, vegetative hyperactivity,9–11 alteration in motor and visual coordination,12–14 and sleep disorders 15–17. As such, PNE and migraines could be interpreted as forms of familial stressors 18,19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary nocturnal enuresis as a risk factor for sleep disorders: an observational questionnaire-based multicenter study

Esposito¹,

Gallai²,

Parisi³

et al. 2013

NDT

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IntroductionPrimary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common problem in developmental age with an estimated overall prevalence ranging from 1.6% to 15%, and possible persistence during adolescence. There is a growing interest in the sleep habits of children affected by PNE, which is derived from the contradictory data present in clinical literature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of sleep disturbances in a population of children affected by PNE, and to identify whether PNE could be considered as a risk factor for sleep disturbances among children.Materials and methodsA total of 190 PNE children (97 males, 93 females) aged 7–15 years, (mean 9.64 ± 1.35 years), and 766 typically developing children matched for age (P = 0.131) and gender (P = 0.963) were enrolled. To evaluate the presence of sleep habits and disturbances, all of the subjects’ mothers filled out the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC), a questionnaire consisting of six subscales: Disorders in Initiating and Maintaining Sleep (DIMS), Sleep Breathing Disorders (SBD), Disorders of Arousal (DA), Sleep–Wake Transition Disorders (SWTD), Disorders of Excessive Somnolence (DOES), and Nocturnal Hyperhidrosis (SHY). The results were divided into “pathological” and “normal” scores using a cut-off value (pathological score = at least three episodes per week), according to the validation criteria of the test. Then, the Chi-square test was used to calculate the statistical difference and a univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the role of PNE as a risk factor for the development of each category of sleep disorders and to calculate the odds ratio (OR).ResultsPNE children show a higher prevalence of all sleep disturbances (41.03% DIMS; 85.12% SBD; 63.29% DA; 67.53% SWTD; 31.28% DOES; 37.92% SHY; 25.33% SDSC total score), and according to OR results (SDSC total score OR = 8.293, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.079–13.540; DIMS OR = 7.639, 95% CI = 5.192–11.238; SBD OR = 35.633, 95% CI = 22.717–55.893; DA OR = 13.734, 95% CI = 9.476–19.906; SWTD OR = 14.238, 95% CI = 9.829–20.625; DOES OR = 5.602, 95% CI = 3.721–8.432; SHY OR = 6.808, 95% CI = 4.608–10.059), PNE could be considered as a risk factor for the development of sleep disorders.ConclusionAmong PNE children, sleep could be strongly altered, thus helping to affirm the hypothesis that PNE tends to alter sleep architecture, or it could itself be the consequence of an abnormal sleep structure. The findings also point to the existence of a potential increase in the risk of developing sleep disorders in the presence of PNE.

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“…Snoring and sleep apnea were the main disturbances observed. Morning headache may be caused by sleep apnea, thus careful evaluation of sleep characteristics in this clinical population is warranted [37].…”

Section: Polysomnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical neurophysiology in childhood headache

Canitano

Guidetti

2004

J Headache Pain

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Several neurophysiological techniques are available for examining children with headache. The choice among them is made according to clinical features. Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly performed in headache; abnormalities observed are heterogeneous, and specific patterns have been described in different forms of complicated migraine. Quantitative EEG, brain mapping and spectral analysis are at present useful mainly for research purposes and in migraine diagnosis. Polysomnography studies are just at the beginning but they have been providing interesting findings. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have demonstrated conflicting results: increased amplitudes observed in migraine children need to be replicated and methodological flaws need to be corrected. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to shed light on cognitive processes related to migraine during development of the nervous system. Electromyography studies have documented increased spontaneous muscle activity in tension-type headache, but further studies are awaited. Overall, clinical neurophysiology is of primary interest in studying functional mechanisms of headache and migraine symptoms. In clinical practice, these procedures are not essential for diagnosis but are relevant for clarifying specific problems.

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Sleep apnea in childhood migraine

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Visuomotor competencies and primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in prepubertal aged children

Visuomotor competencies and primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in prepubertal aged children

Primary nocturnal enuresis as a risk factor for sleep disorders: an observational questionnaire-based multicenter study

Clinical neurophysiology in childhood headache

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