Sleep-Associated Augmentation and Synchronization of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses in Adult Men

Fehm, Horst L.; Clausing, J; Kern, W.; Pietrowsky, Reinhard; Born, Jan

doi:10.1159/000125875

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In men, LH secretion follows a pulsatile pattern in sleep with increased amplitude of the LH surge in NREM sleep and decreased amplitude in REM sleep. This is consistent with an ultradian cycle (Fehm et al, 1991). In older men, LH levels rarely surpass the ones seen in younger men, and LH secretion becomes more erratic and less organized and synchronized (Veldhuis, 2000).…”

Section: Effects Of Hormones On Sleepsupporting

confidence: 83%

Neurohormones and Sleep

Frénette¹,

Guilleminault²

2009

CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology

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Mutual interactions between neurohormones and sleep have been extensively studied since the pioneering work done in the 1960s on growth hormone secretion. Hormonal secretion pattern is either influenced predominantly by sleep, independently of circadian timing, or more closely coupled to the light-dark cycle, although both processes ultimately interact with one another. Individual differences regarding gender and age are sometimes prominent, so careful selection of groups to be studied is important. Because of such fragmented data, generalizations can seldom be derived from the available literature. Much like puzzle pieces, every bit of information constitutes but one small component of the broader, more global, neurohormonal picture seen in sleep. We have divided this analysis into discussions of the adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis, and pineal gland, describing the reciprocal influence regarding sleep and the different neurohormones. Specific issues related to gender differences and selected endocrinologic diseases will also be addressed, as well as changes related to the most common sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea.Continuum Lifelong Learning Neurol 2009;15(2):108-124.

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Section: Effects Of Hormones On Sleepsupporting

confidence: 83%

Neurohormones and Sleep

Frénette¹,

Guilleminault²

2009

CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology

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“…The results of our study would predict a decrease in gonadotropin release during REM sleep and after REM sleep deprivation. Indeed, in rats, REM sleep deprivation has been shown to reduce LH and FSH levels (68); and in adult men, REM sleep was found to be uniformly associated with decreasing LH concentrations (69).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanin-concentrating hormone directly inhibits GnRH neurons and blocks kisspeptin activation, linking energy balance to reproduction

Dumalska²,

Morozova³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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A link between energy balance and reproduction is critical for the survival of all species. Energy-consuming reproductive processes need to be aborted in the face of a negative energy balance, yet knowledge of the pathways mediating this link remains limited. Fasting and food restriction that inhibit fertility also upregulate the hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system that promotes feeding and decreases energy expenditure; MCH knockout mice are lean and have a higher metabolism but remain fertile. MCH also modulates sleep, drug abuse behavior, and mood, and MCH receptor antagonists are currently being developed as antiobesity and antidepressant drugs. Despite the clinical implications of MCH, the direct postsynaptic effects of MCH have never been reported in CNS neurons. Using patch-clamp recordings in brain slices from multiple lines of transgenic GFP mice, we demonstrate a strong inhibitory effect of MCH on an exclusive population of septal vGluT2-GnRH neurons that is activated by the puberty-triggering and preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge-mediating peptide, kisspeptin. MCH has no effect on kisspeptin-insensitive GnRH, vGluT2, cholinergic, or GABAergic neurons located within the same nucleus. The inhibitory effects of MCH are reproducible and nondesensitizing and are mediated via a direct postsynaptic Ba 2؉ -sensitive K ؉ channel mechanism involving the MCHR1 receptor. MCH immunoreactive fibers are in close proximity to vGluT2-GFP and GnRH-GFP neurons. Importantly, MCH blocks the excitatory effect of kisspeptin on vGluT2-GnRH neurons. Considering the role of MCH in regulating energy balance and of GnRH and kisspeptin in triggering puberty and maintaining fertility, MCH may provide a critical link between energy balance and reproduction directly at the level of the kisspeptin-activated vGluT2-GnRH neuron.fertility ͉ gonadotropins ͉ HPG axis ͉ obesity ͉ starvation N utritional status and availability of energy stores exert a profound impact on reproductive function (1-3). Reproduction is an expensive energy-consuming process, and thus it is important that puberty, pregnancy, and lactation occur only when metabolic fuel is available (4). Availability of metabolic fuel is conveyed to the brain by peripherally generated signals, such as leptin, insulin, and ghrelin, as well as by centrally released peptides such as neuropeptide Y, melanocortins, and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). One or more of these signals can directly or indirectly link energy balance with reproduction at one or more levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Thus, insulin and leptin may indirectly influence GnRH neurons (2, 5-7); leptin could regulate the HPG axis via kisspeptin-containing hypothalamic neurons (8, 9). Kisspeptin and its receptor are critical for reproduction (10-12); both kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor knockout mice fail to enter puberty, and humans with loss of function mutations in the kisspeptin receptor exhibit hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and are infertile (13-15). Mechanisti...

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“…Data segments containing transitions to REM sleep, frequent transitions between stage 2 sleep and SWS, and periods of wakefulness within ±15 min of estimated LH pulse onset were excluded. Exclusion of epochs containing transitions to REM sleep was based on the finding by Fehm et al . (1991) that LH onset occurred predominantly during the mid portion of the NREM sleep phase, and to exclude superimposition with the REM‐transition positive shift as described previously (Marshall et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1993). In adult humans, LH levels and incremental LH pulse amplitude are on average larger during the night‐time sleep than during wakefulness (Fehm et al . 1991; Pietrowsky et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in direct current (DC) potentials and infra‐slow EEG oscillations at the onset of the luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse

Marshall¹,

Mölle²,

Fehm

et al. 2000

Eur J of Neuroscience

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An essential function of the neuroendocrine system lies in the coordination of hypothalamo-pituitary secretory activity with neocortical neuronal activity. Cortical direct current (DC) potential shifts and EEG were monitored in conjunction with the circulating concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in humans while asleep to assess a hypothalamic-neocortical interaction. The onset of an LH pulse was accompanied (i) at frontocortical locations by a transient positive DC potential shift of approximately 3 min duration and peak amplitude 50 microV; (ii) at frontal and central locations by an increase in power of infra-slow EEG oscillations for periodicities between 64 and 320 s. Results uniquely demonstrate a coupling of hypothalamo-pituitary activity with regulation of neocortical excitability.

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Sleep-Associated Augmentation and Synchronization of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses in Adult Men

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Neurohormones and Sleep

Neurohormones and Sleep

Melanin-concentrating hormone directly inhibits GnRH neurons and blocks kisspeptin activation, linking energy balance to reproduction

Changes in direct current (DC) potentials and infra‐slow EEG oscillations at the onset of the luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse

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