Sleep Deprivation by the “Flower Pot” Technique and Spatial Reference Memory

Youngblood, Bradley D.; Zhou, Jun; Smagin, Gennady; Ryan, Donna H.; Harris, Ruth B.S.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00363-0

Cited by 145 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Youngblood et al (39,40) found a signifi cant difference in the swimming speed in rats after 4 days of RD compared with the control group. When Yang et al (38) deprived rats of REM sleep for 5 days, the rats swam faster, compared with rats in the control group, but the difference was not signifi cant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Memory testing was performed each day with the probe test; the platform test was conducted at the conclusion of the 3 days. RD Group RD was produced with the well-established "fl owerpot" technique, which consisted of placing the rats onto an inverted fl owerpot (6.5-cm diameter) placed inside a large pail, which was fi lled with water up to 1 cm below the top of the fl owerpot (20,21). This technique has been shown to selectively deprive rats of REM but not non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (22).…”

Section: Tsd Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of this work has taken place in studies that employed sleep deprivation, the results of which have shown that learning that takes place before or after sleep deprivation results in memory defi cits in both humans (2) and animals (3,4). In rodents, the relationship between sleep and memory consolidation has primarily been studied through the testing of spatial memory, which is dependent on the hippocampus (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal-mediated learning and memory in rats

Saygın¹,

Özgüner²,

Önder³

et al. 2017

BLL

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BACKGROUND: To examine the impact of different types of sleep deprivation on hippocampal-mediated learning and memory in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 equal-size groups: (1) 12 hours of sleep per day (control). (2) total sleep deprivation (TSD), (3) rapid eye movement (REM) deprivation (RD), and (4) sleep restricted to 4 hours per day (SR). All rats were subjected to swimming training in the Morris water maze (MWM). At the end of the experiments, the rats were decapitated, and hippocampus tissue was analyzed for several neurotransmitters and receptors. RESULTS: The time spent at the target quadrant increased from 20.2 to 30.0 seconds in the control group on the third day of the experiment, whereas corresponding values increased from 20.2 to 21.8 seconds in the TSD group, 22.1 to 25.4 seconds in the RD group, and 21.2 to 32.0 sec in the SR group (p = 0.026). On the seventh day of the experiment, the values decreased to 25.0 seconds in controls, 22.5 in the RD group, and 23.6 in the SR group (p = 0.045). The TSD group demonstrated signifi cant decreases in glutamate and serotonin levels compared with the control group. There was a signifi cant increase in 5-HT2 a receptor expression in all intervention groups compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results of glutamate levels and 5-HT2a receptor expression in the hippocampus seem to be primarily involved in sleep and memory regulation (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 59). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Tsd Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal-mediated learning and memory in rats

Saygın¹,

Özgüner²,

Önder³

et al. 2017

BLL

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“…The platform location varied between mice to avoid quadrant bias, and starting positions were randomized. In addition to latency, area under the learning acquisition curve (area under curve: AUC) was calculated for each animal (Youngblood et al, 1997;Terry and Mahadik, 2007).…”

Section: Behavioral Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Ameliorates Behavioral Impairments Modeling Schizophrenia in Mice Lacking Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5

Burrows

McOmish

Buret

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Schizophrenia arises from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Abnormalities in glutamatergic signaling have been proposed to underlie the emergence of symptoms, in light of various lines of evidence, including the psychotomimetic effects of NMDA receptor antagonists. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) has also been implicated in the disorder, and has been shown to physically interact with NMDA receptors. To clarify the role of mGlu5-dependent behavioral expression by environmental factors, we assessed mGlu5 knockout (KO) mice after exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) or reared under standard conditions. The mGlu5 KO mice showed reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI), long-term memory deficits, and spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity, which were all attenuated by EE. Examining the cellular impact of genetic and environmental manipulation, we show that EE significantly increased pyramidal cell dendritic branching and BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus of wild-type mice; however, mGlu5 KO mice were resistant to these alterations, suggesting that mGlu5 is critical to these responses. A selective effect of EE on the behavioral response to the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in mGlu5 KO mice was seen. MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion was further potentiated in enriched mGlu5 KO mice and treatment with MK-801 reinstated PPI disruption in EE mGlu5 KO mice only, a response that is absent under standard housing conditions. Together, these results demonstrate an important role for mGlu5 in environmental modulation of schizophreniarelated behavioral impairments. Furthermore, this role of the mGlu5 receptor is mediated by interaction with NMDA receptor function, which may inform development of novel therapeutics.

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“…EHYP may affect water maze performance by altering various nonmnemonic factors rather than the neural substrates that directly mediate learning and memory. These could include body weight, sensorimotor function, thermoregulation, and fear and stress responses (Albert et al, 1970;Hicks and Moore, 1979;Ettinger and Staddon, 1982;Horne and McGrath, 1984;ShukittHale et al, 1994;Mabry et al, 1996;Youngblood et al, 1997).…”

Section: Neurobehavioral Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Anatomical Correlates of Chronic Episodic Hypoxia during Sleep in the Rat

2001

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The role played by chronic episodic hypoxia (EHYP) in the neurocognitive morbidity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is unknown. Sleep recordings, Morris water maze experiments, and immunohistochemistry for NMDA NR1 glutamate receptor, c-fos protein, and apoptosis [nuclear immunoreactivity for single-stranded DNA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling assay] were conducted in EHYP-exposed Sprague Dawley male rats. Exposures consisted of up to14 d in an environmental chamber in which O 2 concentrations were cycled between 10 and 21% every 90 sec or 30 min during 12 hr of daylight. For the remaining 12 hr, EHYP rats breathed room air, while controls spent 14 d in room air. Although EHYP induced significant disruption of sleep architecture during the initial day of exposure, sleep patterns normalized thereafter. Marked increases in apoptosis occurred in the CA1 hippocampal region (sevenfold) and cortex (Cx; eightfold) after 1-2 d of EHYP but not in CA3 and were followed by decreases toward normoxic levels by 14 d. Double labeling for NMDA NR1 and c-fos revealed marked architectural disorganization in CA1 and Cx with increases in c-fos over time. Rats exposed to EHYP displayed significantly longer escape latencies and swim path lengths to escape a hidden platform during 12 training trials given over 2 d. Differences in the performances of EHYP and control rats, although reduced, persisted after 14 d of recovery. We conclude that EHYP is associated with marked cellular changes over time within neural regions associated with cognitive functions. Furthermore, EHYP impaired performance during acquisition of a cognitive spatial task without affecting sensorimotor function. Such changes may underlie components of the learning and memory impairments found in OSA.

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Sleep Deprivation by the “Flower Pot” Technique and Spatial Reference Memory

Cited by 145 publications

References 28 publications

The impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal-mediated learning and memory in rats

The impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal-mediated learning and memory in rats

Environmental Enrichment Ameliorates Behavioral Impairments Modeling Schizophrenia in Mice Lacking Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5

Behavioral and Anatomical Correlates of Chronic Episodic Hypoxia during Sleep in the Rat

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