Sleep Disorders During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This study aimed to asses previous research results about bio-physiological alterations during pregnancy and postpartum, and make clear outlook about prevalence and related factors of sleep disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. In this review, the articles that published from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed. Related articles were searched from databases in English language. After evaluation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were chosen and reviewed based on the University of York strategies. Sleep disorders in present study were classified according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3. The search revealed 4449 articles, after evaluating and assessing qualified articles, finally 56 article selected to review. According to the results of this review, The prevalence of sleep disorders was almost 76%–97% in whole pregnancy. The most common sleep disorders included central disorders of hyper somnolence (waking up in the middle of the night, daytime sleepiness, sleeplessness) or insomnia, sleep-related movement disorders (restless legs syndrome), sleep related breathing disorders (obstructive sleep apnea), and parasomnia. In addition, sleep disorder may continue 3–12 months postpartum (33.2%). Sleep disorders induced by physiological processes (fetal movement, excessive weight gain, male sex of the fetus, and multiparty), health-related risks (metabolism disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and mood disorders), and physical or sexual abuse in childhood. In addition, these disorders could have maternal outcomes that can be greatest trigger to postpartum psychiatric disorders and fetal outcomes that have harmful sequences during childhood (sexual, fertility, emotional, and cognitive problems). Health care providers should evaluate the mothers’ sleep quality because sleep disorder leads to harmful consequences in fetuses and children.

Factors associated with perinatal substance use among Ethiopian women: an institutional-based cross-sectional study

“…The ESS has excellent psychometric validity for screening daytime sleepiness in the Ethiopian population [ 31 , 32 ] with a reliability test of 0.725 [ 32 ]. Women with an ESS score >10 were included in the sleepy group, and those with a score ≤10 were included in the non-sleepy group [ 33 – 37 ].…”

Pengaruh Senam Hamil Terhadap Kualitas Tidur pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja BLUD UPTD Puskesmas Bumi Rahayu Kecamatan Tanjung Selor Kabupaten Bulungan

“…Penurunan durasi tidur mengakibatkan kondisi ibu hamil menurun, konsentrasi berkurang, mudah lelah, badan terasa pegal, tidak mood bekerja, dan cenderung emosional pada akhirnya menyababkan beban kehamilan menjadi semakin berat (Moghadam et al, 2021). Akibat lanjut gangguan tidur menimbulkan depresi dan stres yang akan berpengaruh pada janin yang dikandungnya.…”

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Associated Factors Among Women in Perinatal Period

“…The perinatal period is a time characterized by several physical and emotional changes. During the perinatal period several structural, hormonal and other body chemicals were changed [1], as a result, women were highly vulnerable to emotional and psychological conditions such as sleep disturbance, mood, anxiety and others that influence the mother and child's development and health [2,3]. It is also characterized by a decrease in physical structure and strength, a feeling of fatigue, breastfeeding, and role transition, which results in a painful effect on the mothers and their child's health [2][3][4].…”

“…Sleep problems in the perinatal period, especially during pregnancy, are common health problems [6,7]. A recent study showed that 76%-97% and 33.2% of women experienced sleep problems in the antenatal and postnatal periods, respectively [3].…”

“…EDS is one of the most frequent sleep complaints in various populations [11,12], and highly associated with disability [11], and also leads to a deleterious impact on health [13,14]. EDS plays a major role in influencing the mental and physiological health status of women [3,4,7]. The prevalence of EDS among different study populations was 49% in the USA [15], 11% in Canada [16], 13.2% in Korea [17], 18.9% in Japan [11], 33% in France [18], 13.6% in Australia [19], and 31.07% in Ethiopia [13].…”