Sleep Disorders in Parkinson Disease

Abstract

Sleep is affected in a large number of patients with Parkinson disease. The mechanisms by which this occurs and the different types of sleep disorders that a patient with Parkinson disease may suffer (insufficient or fragmented sleep, persistent excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden onset of sleep episodes, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and restless legs syndrome) will be reviewed in this study, as well as their relationship with the dopaminergic system. Finally, the most effective treatments will be proposed.

Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin Receptor Agonists on Sleep and Comorbid Disorders

“…The earliest and more commonly reported manifestations of Parkinson patients are difficulty initiating and maintaining restorative sleep, by either a reduction of stages 3/4 of non-REM sleep or by a decrease in REM sleep [ 94 , 95 ]. Other abnormalities are fragmented sleep with an increased number of arousals and awakenings and Parkinson-specific motor phenomena such as nocturnal immobility, rest tremor, eye blinking and dyskinesia [ 96 , 97 , 98 ]. Additionally, PD patients have been reported to experience significant excessive daytime somnolence [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Alterations of Brain Structural Network in Parkinson’s Disease With and Without Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

“…Alpha-synuclein accumulation in brainstem structures such as reticular formation may lead to the presence of RBD symptoms ( 14 ). Current physiological studies indicate that limbic system including amygdala and hippocampus, and neocortex such as frontal lobe play important roles in REM sleep, which is abnormal in patients with RBD symptoms ( 13 , 15 , 16 ). Therefore, based on the pathological substrate in brainstem, we argued that searching in vivo evidence would help disclose the differential phenotype of cerebral abnormalities during the clinical manifestation of RBD symptoms in PD patients.…”

Effect of a multimodal exercise program on sleep disturbances and instrumental activities of daily living performance on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease patients

“…7 In addition to cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances (SD) are commonly reported by AD and PD patients, especially insomnia, hypersomnia and excessive daytime napping. 8 The exact causes of SD are unknown, but might be related to the progression of the disease, medications, coexisting illnesses mood disorders, [9][10][11] and damage to hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei that control sleep-wake cycles. 8 Physical activity has been regarded as a useful nonpharmacological strategy in the treatment of AD and PD.…”