Sleep is For the Brain

Lerner, Itamar

doi:10.1002/9781119159193.ch18

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Another model to consider the differences in neocortical and hippocampal coding posits a temporal scaffolding function for the observed coding differences (Lerner, 2017a). In such a model, the function of the time compression of sequences in the hippocampus is to overcome a limitation of molecular mechanisms underlying Hebbian learning for sequential patterns separated by intervals in the "seconds" range.…”

Section: They Modeled the Memory Consolidation Process Like A Complemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both SHY and the replay theory relate mainly to slow-wave sleep (SWS), which spans most of the sleep in vertebrates. SHY accounts well for forgetting and even a relative strengthening of synapses (i.e., synapses can become weaker but relatively stronger than other synapses that are also depressed), but collides with the mounting experimental evidence of sleep-dependent memory restructuring, creativity and mnemonic enhancement, which pose less of a challenge to replay theory (Donlea, Thimgan, Suzuki, & Gottschalk, 2011;Fischer, Drosopoulos, Tsen, & Born, 2006;Lerner, 2017a;Wagner, Gais, Haider, Verleger, & Born, 2004;Yordanova, Kolev, Wagner, Born, & Verleger, 2012). It is worth mentioning that the evidence of replay also during quiet wakefulness (wake replay), in association with the occurrence of hippocampal sharp wave ripples (Jadhav, Kemere, & German, 2012), poses a question mark on the replay theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational models of memory consolidation and long-term synaptic plasticity during sleep

Rennó-Costa

Silva

Blanco

et al. 2019

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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The brain stores memories by persistently changing the connectivity between neurons. Sleep is known to be critical for these changes to endure. Research on the neurobiology of sleep and the mechanisms of long-term synaptic plasticity has provided data in support of various theories of how brain activity during sleep affects long-term synaptic plasticity. The experimental findingsand therefore the theoriesare apparently quite contradictory, with some evidence pointing to a role of sleep in the forgetting of irrelevant memories, whereas other results indicate that sleep supports the reinforcement of the most valuable recollections. A unified theoretical framework is in need. Computational modeling and simulation provide grounds for the quantitative testing and comparison of theoretical predictions and observed data, and might serve as a strategy to organize the rather complicated and diverse pool of data and methodologies used in sleep research. This review article outlines the emerging progress in the computational modeling and simulation of the main theories on the role of sleep in memory consolidation.

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Section: They Modeled the Memory Consolidation Process Like A Complemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational models of memory consolidation and long-term synaptic plasticity during sleep

Rennó-Costa

Silva

Blanco

et al. 2019

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…Substantial evidence suggests that sleep plays an active role in declarative memory consolidation and facilitates processes of abstraction, inference, and insight by supporting memory for "gist" during slow wave sleep (SWS; Squire, 1992;Plihal and Born, 1997;Wagner et al, 2004;Born et al, 2006;Fischer et al, 2006;Diekelmann et al, 2009;Rasch and Born, 2013;Lerner, 2017;Lerner andGluck, 2018, 2019;. During SWS, hippocampal-dependent memories are integrated into the general knowledge structure in the neocortex, a process supported by temporal coupling between slow oscillations (SO; 0.5 -1 Hz), hippocampal sharp wave ripples, and sleep spindles (Mölle et al, 2002;Mölle and Born, 2011;Abel et al, 2013;Chokroverty and Thomas, 2013;Walker and Robertson, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, during sharp wave ripples, recently stored experiences in the hippocampus are "played back" via sequences of neuronal firing in a compressed timescale, known as memory replay (Squire, 1992;Wilson and McNaughton, 1994;Buzsáki, 1996;McGaugh, 2000;Lee and Wilson, 2002;Squire et al, 2004;Diba and Buzsáki, 2007;Abel et al, 2013;Rasch and Born, 2013). Various models suggest replay is central to the transfer and integration of information from the hippocampus to the neocortex that yields memory consolidation (McClelland et al, 1995;Davidson et al, 2009;Gupta et al, 2010;Klinzing et al, 2019), with some recent models suggesting replay's time-compressed nature plays a core role in the ability to formulate abstractions and gain insight into temporal regularities (Lerner, 2017;Lerner andGluck, 2019, 2022;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnight exposure to pink noise could jeopardize sleep-dependent insight and pattern detection

Vickrey,

Lerner

2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Accumulated evidence from the past decades suggests that sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation and the facilitation of higher-level cognitive processes such as abstraction and gist extraction. In addition, recent studies show that applying pink noise during sleep can further enhance sleep-dependent memory consolidation, potentially by modulating sleep physiology through stochastic resonance. However, whether this enhancement extends to higher cognitive processes remains untested. In this study, we investigated how the application of open-loop pink noise during sleep influences the gain of insight into hidden patterns. Seventy-two participants were assigned to three groups: daytime-wake, silent sleep, and sleep with pink noise. Each group completed the number reduction task, an established insight paradigm known to be influenced by sleep, over two sessions with a 12-h interval. Sleep groups were monitored by the DREEM 3 headband in home settings. Contrary to our prediction, pink noise did not induce an increase in insight compared to silent sleep and was statistically more similar to the wake condition despite evidence for its typical influence on sleep physiology. Particularly, we found that pink noise limited the time spent in the initial cycle of N1 just after sleep onset, while time spent in N1 positively predicted insight. These results echo recent suggestions that the time in the initial cycle of N1 plays a critical role in insight formation. Overall, our results suggest that open-loop pink noise during sleep may be detrimental to insight formation and creativity due to the alterations it causes to normal sleep architecture.

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Transcranial Current Stimulation During Sleep Facilitates Insight into Temporal Rules, but does not Consolidate Memories of Individual Sequential Experiences

Lerner

Ketz

Jones

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is known to contribute to memory consolidation, likely through the reactivation of previously encoded waking experiences. Contemporary studies demonstrate that when auditory or olfactory stimulation is administered during memory encoding and then reapplied during SWS, memory consolidation can be enhanced, an effect that is believed to rely on targeted memory reactivation (TMR) induced by the sensory stimulation. Here, we show that transcranial current stimulations (tCS) during sleep can also be used to induce TMR, resulting in the facilitation of high-level cognitive processes. Participants were exposed to repeating sequences in a realistic 3D immersive environment while being stimulated with particular tCS patterns. A subset of these tCS patterns was then reapplied during sleep stages N2 and SWS coupled to slow oscillations in a closed-loop manner. We found that in contrast to our initial hypothesis, performance for the sequences corresponding to the reapplied tCS patterns was no better than for other sequences that received stimulations only during wake or not at all. In contrast, we found that the more stimulations participants received overnight, the more likely they were to detect temporal regularities governing the learned sequences the following morning, with tCS-induced beta power modulations during sleep mediating this effect.

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Sleep is For the Brain

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Computational models of memory consolidation and long-term synaptic plasticity during sleep

Computational models of memory consolidation and long-term synaptic plasticity during sleep

Overnight exposure to pink noise could jeopardize sleep-dependent insight and pattern detection

Transcranial Current Stimulation During Sleep Facilitates Insight into Temporal Rules, but does not Consolidate Memories of Individual Sequential Experiences

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