Sleep patterns in young adults: an EEG study

Williams, Robert L.; Agnew, H. W.; Webb, Wilse B.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(64)90160-9

Cited by 240 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…No change or a reduction in sleep duration with increasing age is generally reported (13,19). Furthermore, in contrast to the results of the simulations, sleep end is generally advanced in middle-aged subjects as compared to young subjects (19,22). Obviously, only changing the decay rate, and leaving the remaining model parameters unchanged does not produce any of the characteristics of sleep timing in aged subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…This interpretation is supported by similarities between the age-related differences on the one hand and the changes over a sleep episode and those induced by sleep deprivation on the other. In the young adult the most striking change over a sleep episode is the steep decrease in the duration of the stages 3 + 4 from the beginning of sleep to the end (22). Also in older subjects SWS is predominantly present in the beginning of sleep (9).…”

Section: Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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All night spectral analysis of EEG sleep in young adult and middle-aged male subjects

Dijk

Beersma

Hoofdakker

1989

Neurobiology of Aging

164

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

All night spectral analysis of EEG sleep in young adult and middle-aged male subjects

Dijk

Beersma

Hoofdakker

1989

Neurobiology of Aging

164

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“…In the six control studies carried out on the four male subjects, the plasma GH concentration, after the initial GH peak, remained at 5 mpg/ml or less for the remainder of the night except for one study in subject T. F. in which a secondary rise to 6 mpg/ml was noted. In the female subjects, with the exception of subject F. R. noted below, at least one and in some instances two subsequent GH peaks ranging from [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] mpg/ml were regularly observed. The peaks were usually sharply defined and limited in duration with return to basal levels (< 5 mpg/ml) before subse- the initial plasma GH peak was: always considerably greater than the subsequent elevated level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone secretion during sleep

Takahashi¹,

Kipnis²,

Daughaday³

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

766

268

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Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, cortisol, and glucose were measured during sleep on 38 nights in eight young adults. Blood was drawn from an indwelling catheter at 30-min intervals; EEG and electrooculogram were recorded throughout the night. In seven subjects, a plasma GH peak (13-72 mug/ml) lasting 1.5-3.5 hr appeared with the onset of deep sleep. Smaller GH peaks (6-14 mug/ml) occasionally appeared during subsequent deep sleep phases. Peak GH secretion was delayed if the onset of sleep was delayed. Subjects who were awakened for 2-3 hr and allowed to return to sleep exhibited another peak of GH secretion (14-46 mjug/ml). Peak GH secretion was not correlated with changes in plasma glucose, insulin, and cortisol. The effects of 6-CNS-active drugs on sleep-related GH secretion were investigated. Imipramine (50 mg) completely abolished GH peaks in two of four subjects, whereas chlorpromazine (30 mg), phenobarbital (97 mg), diphenylhydantoin (90 mg), chlordiazepoxide (20 mg), and isocarboxazid (30 mg) .did not inhibit GH peaks. Altered hypothalamic activity associated with initiation of sleep results in a major peak of growth hormone secretion unrelated to hypoglycemia or changes in cortisol and insulin secretion.

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“…Electrode placement, recording technique, and scoring procedures were those of Williams et al [23], including as the criterion for S wave amplitude: peak to peak, 40 jxV.…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Characteristics of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence during Puberty

et al. 1972

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ExtractThis paper presents a study of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and the relation of this phenomenon to stage J rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for a group of pubertal males. Ten subjects, ages 12.8 to 15.3 years, slept in the laboratory for three consecutive nights. Electroencephalograms, electrooculograms, and measurements of penile erections were recorded.The average tumescence time per night was 158.99 min; average REM time was 137.07 min. Average simultaneous REM and tumescence per night was 101.89 min. These subjects averaged 6.85 tumescence episodes/night, and, of these, 5.15 occurred during a REM period. Tumescence episodes during REM averaged 30.77 min in duration, whereas episodes which occurred when no REM was present averaged 11.75 min. All subjects had at least four REM periods per night and at least three tumescence episodes. No subject had more than 6 REM periods or more than 11 tumescence episodes.The amount of penile tumescence during a night's sleep was found to be less subject to the first night effect than was total sleep time, which indicates the strength of the underlying process controlling tumescence. Two components of NPT were described: a high probability component (maximum tumescence during REM), and a variable probability component (all nonmaximum and non-REM tumescence). Although the results indicated that there is a close relation between REM and tumescence, no simple cause and effect relation between the two phenomena was apparent.NPT seems to be a complex process with multiple functions. Although it may play a role in sexual development, it may be only partially related to the sexual activity of the mature male. Speculation

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Sleep patterns in young adults: an EEG study

Cited by 240 publications

References 6 publications

All night spectral analysis of EEG sleep in young adult and middle-aged male subjects

All night spectral analysis of EEG sleep in young adult and middle-aged male subjects

Growth hormone secretion during sleep

Some Characteristics of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence during Puberty

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