Sleep Quality and Electroencephalogram Delta Power

Abstract

Delta activity on electroencephalogram (EEG) is considered a biomarker of homeostatic sleep drive. Delta power is often associated with sleep duration and intensity. Here, we reviewed the literature to explore how sleep quality was influenced by changes in delta power. However, we found that both the decrease and increase in delta power could indicate a higher sleep quality due to the various factors below. First, the differences in changes in delta power in patients whose sleep quality is lower than that of the healthy controls may be related to the different diseases they suffered from. We found that the patients mainly suffered from borderline personality disorder, and Rett syndrome may have a higher delta power than healthy individuals. Meanwhile, patients who are affected by Asperger syndrome, respiratory failure, chronic fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder have lower delta power. Second, if the insomnia patients received the therapy, the difference may be caused by the treatment method. Cognitive or music therapy shows that a better therapeutic effect is associated with decreased delta power, whereas in drug treatment, there is an opposite change in delta power. Last, for healthy people, the difference in delta change may be related to sleep stages. The higher sleep quality is associated with increased delta power during the NREM period, whereas a deceased delta change accompanies higher sleep quality during the REM period. Our work summarizes the effect of changes in delta power on sleep quality and may positively impact the monitoring and intervention of sleep quality.

E2SGAN: EEG-to-SEEG translation with generative adversarial networks

“…It has been verified that the δ power is associated with sleep and shows abnormal changes prior to seizures (Minecan et al, 2002 ; Long et al, 2021 ). The perturbation results in the δ band confirm the expected conclusion.…”

Kynurenine aminotransferase II inhibition promotes sleep and rescues impairments induced by neurodevelopmental insult

“…Delta power during NREM sleep correlates strongly with sleep quality (42), and theta oscillations during REM sleep are implicated in memory consolidation (43, 44). Therefore, we next sought to detect if acutely inhibiting KAT II would be sufficient to drive changes in EEG waves within low-frequency oscillation bands, delta (0-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz).…”

Elevated beta activity in the nighttime sleep and multiple sleep latency electroencephalograms of chronic insomnia patients

“…Group differences between NCs and CIs in other frequency bands were restricted to N1 stage, specifically, decrease delta2, increase alpha power in CIs. Lower delta activity may indicate decreased hyperpolarization of thalamocortical neurons during N1 sleep and less sleep quality ( Lamarche and Ogilvie, 1997 ; Knyazev, 2012 ; Long et al, 2021 ). Synchronization in alpha frequency range plays an important role in the top-down control of cortical activation and reflects inhibition, which inhibition helps neurons in distributed networks to effectively activate common target cells and helps to established a highly selective activation pattern ( Klimesch et al, 2007 ).…”

“…Delta activity, as a measure of sleep intensity, is associated positively with arousal threshold and subjective sleep quality, and negatively with indices of physiological arousal ( Borbely, 1982 ; Neckelmann and Ursin, 1993 ; Kurylenko et al, 2015 ; Long et al, 2021 ). Delta2 activity is generated thalamocortical neurons and delta1 is generated cortically, independent of the thalamus ( Steriade et al, 1993 ; Steriade, 2006 ; Knyazev, 2012 ).…”