Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in Brazilian adolescents: Achievement recommendations and BMI associations through compositional data analysis

Abstract

Physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are habitual human behaviors (HHB) which are modifiable throughout the different life phases. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how the time distribution throughout the day among HHB may be associated with body mass index (BMI). These results could provide inferences which can guide interventions that trigger changes in adolescent behaviors in favor of their health. The objective of this study was to verify the proportion of adolescents who meet the recommendation of sleep, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time (ST); to analyze the associations between HHB and BMI, and to determine possible changes in BMI associated with time reallocation between different HHB. Daily HHB recommendations (yes/no) were analyzed by frequency distribution. Compositional data analyses were used to examine the association between HHB and the BMI z-score (zBMI) with covariates (sex, age, and socioeconomic status). Compositional isotemporal substitution models estimated the change in zBMI associated with HHB reallocations from 15 to 120 minutes. A total of 185 adolescents were included (15 to 18 years, 50.8% boys). Thus, total sleep time, SB, light physical activity (LPA) and MVPA were measured by 24-hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. ST, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status were assessed using a questionnaire. Sleep, MVPA, and ST recommendations were achieved by 32.97%, 8.10%, and 1.08% of the sample, respectively. No adolescent was able to achieve all of the daily recommendations. Age was significantly and positively associated with zBMI (p<0.001). Simply replacing 75, 90, and 120 minutes of MVPA by LPA led to an estimated significant increase in zBMI (95CI% z-value, 0.01 to 1.49). The HHB relocation estimates in 24h did not show positive effects on zBMI, nor did it increase the time engaged in MVPA, which may raise the hypothesis that other parameters related to obesity and their related interactions need to be better understood.

Comportamentos humanos habituais em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão narrativa

“…Vários estudos têm utilizado essa metodologia (Barreira et al, 2018;Chaput et al, 2015;Domingues et al, 2022;Dumuid et al, 2018a;Lin et al, 2018;Mcneil et al, 2015;Tudor-Locke et al, 2014 devido à facilidade de uso, por causar menos incômodo aos participantes. Dessa forma, se minimiza os problemas ocasionados pela movimentação do dispositivo de um local para outro do corpo (Tudor-Locke et al, 2015), o que amplia as possibilidades de adesão ao protocolo.…”

“…Contudo, um estudo de revisão recente mostra uma baixa prevalência (<15%) de crianças e adolescentes que atendem as recomendações de TT (indicativo de CS), AFMV e sono concomitantemente (Rollo;Antsygina;Tremblay, 2020;Tapia-Serrano et al, 2022). O mesmo tem sido confirmado por outros estudos observacionais realizados em diversos países como Austrália, China, Colômbia, Finlândia, Índia, Quênia, Portugal e África do Sul (Roman- et al, 2016), Japão (Tanaka et al, 2019(Tanaka et al, , 2020, República Tcheca (Jakubec et al, 2020;Rubín et al, 2020), Estados Unidos (Laurson et al, 2014;Laurson;Lee;Eisenmann, 2015;Roman-Viñas et al, 2016), Canadá Roberts;Thompson, 2017;Roman-Viñas et al, 2016), Reino Unido (Pearson;sherar;Hamer, 2019;Roman-Viñas et al, 2016) e no Brasil (Da Costa et al, 2020;Domingues et al, 2022;Roman-Viñas et al, 2016).…”

“…No presente estudo, o termo "comportamentos humanos habituais" (CHH) (Domingues et al, 2022) será utilizado para referir a associação desses três comportamentos. A proposição deste termo deve-se ao fato de o sono ser um comportamento ativo de inconsciência parcial (no qual o cérebro está em um estado relativo de repouso), reversível, cíclico, caracterizado pela imobilidade relativa e aumento do limiar de respostas a estímulos externos (Brinkman;Reddy;Sharma, 2022;Porkka-Heiskanen;Zitting;Wigren, 2013;Siegel, 2005).…”

Associations between 24-h movement behaviours and BMI in Chinese primary- and middle- school students

“…Until recently, a group of studies used CoDA to examine the relative relationship between accelerometer-measured 24-h movement and body mass index (BMI) and estimate the differences in BMI z-score when time in 24-h movement was reallocated among children and adolescents. 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 Most studies found that participants with a greater amount of MVPA time, relative to other behaviours, tend to have lower adiposity measures 15 , 16 , 19 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 and participants with a greater amount of SED time, relative to other behaviours, tend to have higher adiposity measures. 15 , 16 , 22 , 24 , 26 Findings from most compositional isotemporal substitution studies suggested that lower adiposity was estimated when time was reallocated from a fixed duration of sleep, SED, and LPA to an equivalent duration of MVPA and from SED or LPA to sleep, whereas higher obesity was observed for opposite reallocation.…”

The Associations between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours and Quality of Life in Preschoolers: A Compositional Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from 2018–2021

“…Recently, compositional data analysis (CoDA) has become popular, as the technique takes into account all components of a whole simultaneously by a set of logs, while being able to circumvent some common problems in traditional statistics (e.g., covariance) and also investigates the association between different temporal components and health outcomes through modeling [ 18 , 21 , 22 ]. A few studies have examined the relationships between 24-h behaviours and health outcomes using CoDA [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Even then, apparently all research studies based on CoDA are single-year cross-sectional studies that focused on children and adults, with relatively fewer focusing on preschoolers.…”