Sleep Spindles and Their Significance for Declarative Memory Consolidation

Schabus, Manuel; Gruber, Georg; Parapatics, Silvia; Sauter, Cornelia; Klösch, Gerhard; Anderer, P.; Klimesch, Wolfgang; Saletu, B.; Zeitlhofer, J.

doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1479

Cited by 508 publications

(406 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Rats rarely make a choice error after the first two trials, although their performance further improves in terms of latency (Tronel and Sara, 2002). Only a few human studies have reported a correlation between the actual spindle density and acquisition rate or spindle density and retention (Clemens et al, 2005), whereas others relate spindle density merely to the subject's cognitive abilities regardless of whether learning occurred before sleep (Schabus et al, 2004). Striking similarities to results described in human studies were found in the present experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Elevated Sleep Spindle Density after Learning or after Retrieval in Rats

Eschenko

Mölle²,

Born³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

231

199

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Non-rapid eye movement sleep has been strongly implicated in consolidation of both declarative and procedural memory in humans. Elevated sleep-spindle density in slow-wave sleep after learning has been shown recently in humans. It has been proposed that sleep spindles, 12-15 Hz oscillations superimposed on slow waves (Ͻ1 Hz), in concert with high-frequency hippocampal sharp waves/ripples, promote neural plasticity underlying remote memory formation. The present study reports the first indication of learning-associated increase in spindle density in the rat, providing an animal model to study the role of brain oscillations in memory consolidation during sleep. An odor-reward association task, analogous in many respects to human paired-associate learning, is rapidly learned and leads to robust memory in rats. Rats learned the task over 10 massed trials within a single session, and EEG was monitored for 3 h after learning. Learning-induced increase in spindle density is reliably reproduced in rats in two different learning situations, differing primarily in the behavioral component of the task. This increase in spindle density is also present after reactivation of remote memory and in situations when memory update is required; it is not observed after noncontingent exposure to reward and training context. The latter results substantially extend findings in humans. The magnitude of increase (ϳ25%) and the time window of maximal effect (ϳ1 h after sleep onset) were remarkably similar to human data, making this a valid rodent model to study network interactions through the use of simultaneous unit recordings and local field potentials during postlearning sleep.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Elevated Sleep Spindle Density after Learning or after Retrieval in Rats

Eschenko

Mölle²,

Born³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

231

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…identified for this age range. Nonetheless, slow and fast spindles have been associated with hippocampal reactivation and plasticity (34)(35)(36)(37)(38), and studies in young adults have found an association between spindles and learning (24,39,40). Likewise, we posit that in preschool children, spindles may mark hippocampal-neocortical interactions, a process underlying the stabilization and consolidation of the memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Sleep spindles in midday naps enhance learning in preschool children

Kurdziel¹,

Duclos

Spencer³

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

214

253

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“…Spindles are believed to represent an electrical signature of mechanisms involved in memory consolidation (Gais et al 2002;Schabus et al 2004). This sleep-related reduction in functional connectivity dovetails with results from the PET literature, which indicate that MTL blood flow increases during Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morning-evening variation in human brain metabolism and memory circuits

Shannon

Dosenbach

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

103

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Prior LJ, Nolan TS, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME. Morning-evening variation in human brain metabolism and memory circuits. J Neurophysiol 109: 1444 -1456, 2013. First published November 28, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.00651.2012.-It has been posited that a critical function of sleep is synaptic renormalization following a net increase in synaptic strength during wake. We hypothesized that wake would alter the resting-state functional organization of the brain and increase its metabolic cost. To test these hypotheses, two experiments were performed. In one, we obtained morning and evening resting-state functional MRI scans to assess changes in functional brain organization. In the second experiment, we obtained quantitative positron emission tomography measures of glucose and oxygen consumption to assess the cost of wake. We found selective changes in brain organization. Most prominently, bilateral medial temporal regions were locally connected in the morning but in the evening exhibited strong correlations with frontal and parietal brain regions involved in memory retrieval. We speculate that these changes may reflect aspects of memory consolidation recurring on a daily basis. Surprisingly, these changes in brain organization occurred without increases in brain metabolism.

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Sleep Spindles and Their Significance for Declarative Memory Consolidation

Cited by 508 publications

References 27 publications

Elevated Sleep Spindle Density after Learning or after Retrieval in Rats

Elevated Sleep Spindle Density after Learning or after Retrieval in Rats

Sleep spindles in midday naps enhance learning in preschool children

Morning-evening variation in human brain metabolism and memory circuits

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