“…16. All scars are elliptical-shaped rather than circular since wear debris built up around the area where the wear track and surface of the ball in contact, thereby, debris subsequential re-adhered on the ball along the sliding direction during wear [37,38]. As expected, the width of wear scars notably decreased with rising processing temperatures of SPS parts from 500 • C to 580 • C, due to the surface hardness improvement of these composite materials (Fig.…”
“…16. All scars are elliptical-shaped rather than circular since wear debris built up around the area where the wear track and surface of the ball in contact, thereby, debris subsequential re-adhered on the ball along the sliding direction during wear [37,38]. As expected, the width of wear scars notably decreased with rising processing temperatures of SPS parts from 500 • C to 580 • C, due to the surface hardness improvement of these composite materials (Fig.…”
“…High wear with elliptical-shaped scars was seen on counterbody chrome steel balls at 100 N for DI samples at 0.39 m/s speed; and at 0.79 m/s for ADI samples. At high loads, the accumulation of a large amount of debris takes place at the edges of wear tracks on the sample surface, leading to an increase in the non-planar contact area extending the arc along the circular scars, resulting in the formation of the elliptical scars on counterbody as explained by Kucharski et al and S. Mahade et al [19,38]. Figure 11 Counterbody (chrome steel) wear scar for (a) DI – 0.39 m/s, (b) ADI – 0.39 m/s, (c) ADI – 0.59 m/s and (d) ADI – 0.79 m/s under 100 N load.…”
In this study, dry sliding wear behaviour of a copper alloyed austempered ductile iron (ADI) consisting of very fine ausferrite, small high carbon austenite blocks, was investigated against 100Cr6 ball using ball-on-disc tribometer. Tribotests were conducted at different loads of 10, 30, 50, and 100 N and speeds between 0.39 to 0.79 m/s. Worn-out surfaces and wear debris revealed tribe-oxidation and abrasive wear as the primary mechanism for material removal at lower loads and low speed (0.39 m/s). With an increase in load and speed, fragmented graphite nodules acted as solid lubricants. Additionally, partial transfer of tribo-oxide onto the counter-body ball, and plastic deformation and strain hardening of ADI matrix lowered the friction coefficient and wear rate at higher loads and speed, to nearly 1/ 3 and 1/10 as compared with those at lower loads and speed. The superior wear resistance of present ADI is worthy of consideration for transmission parts.
“…Therefore, one of the most effective strategies to reduce wear is surface engineering, which consists of a series of physical and/or chemical modification processes at the surface and subsurface and does not change the intrinsic property and structure of base materials [3]. In the current studies, the main means by which scientists perform surface strengthening is the preparation of a wear-resistant coating on the metal surface, such as carburizing and cladding fabricated by additive manufacturing [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Cladding is a technique that uses one or more layers of coatings to the materials surface to achieve the desired properties.…”
This paper aims to obtain a fine wear-resistance cladding that can be applied in guide shoe of shearer. The performance of two cladding claddings fabricated by additive manufacturing technology, no chromium-high carbon (NCrHiC) claddings and high chrome-high carbon (HiCrHiC) claddings, was analyzed through a series of characterization experiments (optical microscope, hardness, coefficient of friction, wear rate, and surface morphology). The experimental results show that the NCrHiC cladding has obvious cracks and cracks are not observed on the surface of HiCrHiC cladding. However, the hardness and wear resistance of NCrHiC cladding is better than that of HiCrHiC cladding. The microstructure of NCrHiC cladding is composed of carbides, pearlite and ledeburite, and the one of HiCrHiC cladding is M(Fe, Cr)7C3 carbides and martensite. The worn width of HiCrHiC cladding is higher than that of NCrHiC cladding. Wear mechanism of NCrHiC cladding is abrasive wear while the one of HiCrHiC cladding is adhere wear.
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