Slip resistance of oil resistant and non-oil resistant footwear outsoles in winter conditions

Aschan, Carita; Hirvonen, Mikko; Rajamäki, Erkki; Mannelin, Tarmo

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2005.08.001

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the deterioration of oil resistance property by ENR is not severe since the difference in volume change between the NBR/ENR blend of 50:50 ratio with pure NBR composite was only 4%. The maximum percentage of increase in volume of the NBR/ENR blend by oil was only 4.9 %, which shows better oil resistance property compared to some commercial NBR based soles as reported by a previous study [21]. The results of the volume change also proved that the use of ENR significantly improve the oil resistance property of NR.…”

Section: Oil Resistance Propertysupporting

confidence: 76%

“…NR is a non-oil resistant material. NR based soles recorded 60 -87 % increase in volume change after being immersed in oil [21]. Previously, a research has shown that the NR/NBR blend (50:50) had a swelling percentage of 22.6% [22] which is almost five times higher than the one reported in this study.…”

Section: Oil Resistance Propertycontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…In this study, pure NBR composite has high oil resistance with less than 1% of volume change after being immersed in oil. It was reported that the increase in volume change of commercial NBR based soles after swelling in oil is range between 0.4 to 8.0 % [21]. As portrayed in Figure 2, the percentage of volume change increased with increasing composition of ENR which means that the oil resistance of the composites had decreased.…”

Section: Oil Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As per the ISO 20345 standard, the change in volume swell by oil should not exceed the 12 % limit for safety footwear application. Since the maximum increase in volume by oil is less than 5%, it is evident that the NBR/ENR blends (up to 50 phr ENR) are ideal for the manufacturing of safety footwear that is highly oil-resistant and has better oil resistance property compared to some commercial NBR soles [21] and other NR/NBR blends [22].…”

Section: Oil Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Epoxidised Natural Rubber on the Oil Resistance Property of NBR/ENR Blends used for Safety Footwear Application

Hanif¹,

Yong²

2019

IJET

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Epoxidised natural rubber, ENR has emerged as a sustainable material for many applications due to its unique properties. This study sets out to investigate the effects of ENR on the oil resistance property of nitrile rubber, NBR composites used for safety footwear application. Blends of NBR/ENR i.e. 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 were prepared and tested for their oil resistance property and other physical properties such as hardness, tensile properties and abrasion loss. Results showed that varying the amount of ENR did not significantly affect the hardness and tensile properties of the composites. Nonetheless, it was found that ENR content highly influences the abrasion loss of the composites in which the abrasion resistance decreased with further addition of ENR contents. Despite the increase in oil swelling of the composites with increasing ENR content, the oil swelling values are considered low (< 5% volume change), indicating superior oil resistance property of the composites. These results confirm the possibility of ENR as a sustainable material for the production of eco-friendly composites with high oil resistance property for the footwear industry.

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Section: Oil Resistance Propertysupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Oil Resistance Propertycontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Oil Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Oil Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Epoxidised Natural Rubber on the Oil Resistance Property of NBR/ENR Blends used for Safety Footwear Application

Hanif¹,

Yong²

2019

IJET

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“…A note of caution with footwear-based interventions is that, in occupations with variable underfoot conditions and task requirements, specifying appropriate footwear for the range of conditions that may be encountered presents challenges (e.g. Manning and Jones 2001; Aschan et al 2005). …”

Section: Injury Prevention and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of science: occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level

et al. 2016

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Occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level (STFL) result in substantial injuries worldwide. This paper summarises the state of science regarding STFL, outlining relevant aspects of epidemiology, biomechanics, psychophysics, tribology, organisational influences and injury prevention. This review reaffirms that STFL remain a major cause of workplace injury and STFL prevention is a complex problem, requiring multi-disciplinary, multi-faceted approaches. Despite progress in recent decades in understanding the mechanisms involved in STFL, especially slipping, research leading to evidence-based prevention practices remains insufficient, given the problem scale. It is concluded that there is a pressing need to develop better fall prevention strategies using systems approaches conceptualising and addressing the factors involved in STFL, with considerations of the full range of factors and their interactions. There is also an urgent need for field trials of various fall prevention strategies to assess the effectiveness of different intervention components and their interactions. Practitioner Summary: Work-related slipping, tripping and falls on the same level are a major source of occupational injury. The causes are broadly understood, although more attention is needed from a systems perspective. Research has shown preventative action to be effective, but further studies are required to understand which aspects are most beneficial.

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Effect of irregular silicon carbide and tackifying phenolic resin on friction coefficients of rubber compounds

Zhu,

Lu,

Cui

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Rubber compounds with high friction coefficients are widely used in safety shoes, functional shoes, etc. However, in the presence of a liquid lubrication layer, friction coefficients between rubber compounds and the opposing surface are generally very low. In this work, friction coefficients of rubber compounds are improved by a two‐pronged method. First, micron silicon carbides (SiC) with irregular shape and knife‐edge are selected as fillers to improve the plowing friction in dry state, and to improve the adhesive friction in wet state via piercing the liquid lubrication layer. Second, tackifying phenolic resin is added to increase the damping performance of rubber compounds, so as to improve the hysteresis friction in both dry and wet states. The results show that the comprehensive static and dynamic friction properties of rubber compounds are the best in both dry and wet states (0.5 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution or 90 wt% glycerol solution), when SiC size is 7–14 μm and SiC content is 75–90 phr. Phenolic resin can increase the loss factor (tanδ) and loss modulus (E") of rubber compounds, and improve the static and dynamic friction coefficients in wet state (90 wt% glycerol solution). At the same time, it can improve the hardness of rubber compounds and reduce the relative content of SiC, thus reducing the static and dynamic friction coefficients of rubber compounds in dry and wet states (0.5 wt% sodium lauryl sulfate aqueous solution). In general, the optimal content of phenolic resin is 10–15 phr.Highlights Rubber friction coefficients improved via both adhesion and hysteresis friction. Irregular silicon carbides pierce liquid layer to improve adhesive friction of rubber. Phenolic resin increases hysteresis friction of rubber via damping property.

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Slip resistance of oil resistant and non-oil resistant footwear outsoles in winter conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Epoxidised Natural Rubber on the Oil Resistance Property of NBR/ENR Blends used for Safety Footwear Application

Effects of Epoxidised Natural Rubber on the Oil Resistance Property of NBR/ENR Blends used for Safety Footwear Application

State of science: occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level

Effect of irregular silicon carbide and tackifying phenolic resin on friction coefficients of rubber compounds

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