Slit seeded grass-legume mixture improves coal mine reclamation

Abstract

Slit seeding (sowing into shallow cuts to the soil surface) was evaluated on coal mine reclamation in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin (Czech Republic) between 2001 and 2008, on plots both with and without biodegradable waste enrichment. Prior to experimentation (in 2000, once) were applied dehydrated, anaerobically digested wastewater sludge, 200 (41) t/ha fresh mass (dry mass), together with paper mill waste, 400 (131) t/ha, and bark substrate Envima, 400 (145) . All slit seeded species proliferated better on surface strip mine deposits without biodegradable waste enrichment and brought beneficial changes in a number of parameters over the ensuing five years due to lower competition with native expanding eutrophic species including Calamagrostis epigejos L.; Cardaria draba L.; Urtica dioica L.; and Galium aparine L. Available organic carbon (extracted from field-moist soil by 0.5 mol/L K 2 SO 4 ) showed a notable tendency toward values 10-66 mg C/kg DM (dry mass), microbial biomass 302-1131 mg C/kg DM, basal respiration 3.9-5.8 mg C/kg DM/h, and metabolic quotient (basal respiration/microbial biomass carbon) × 1000 = 5.2-7.9.

Composites containing acetylated wheat B-starch for agriculture applications

“…DM of compost was determined by the drying of 5 g substrate at 60°C (24 h), pH was measured in the extract of moist substrate using deionized water (3 g/15 mL), shaken with a horizontal shaker (60 min; 250 swings per min) with an electrode by Hanna. Carbon of soil organic matter (C org ) was measured using a microwave method with an equivalent amount of moist substrate corresponding to 0.03 g DM (Růžek et al 2012). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC-MW) was analysed using the microwave irradiation method (Růžek et al 2009), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (BR/MBC) × 1000, respiratory ratios NR/BR and NGR/BR according to Růžek et al (2012).…”

Responses of Natural Microorganisms to Land Reclamation and Applications of Functional Microorganisms in Biorestoration of Coal Mining Area

“…In addition, biological amendment could help to improve the soil's physical and chemical properties. Leguminous plants show great potential for fertility enhancement, nutrient accumulation, and accumulation of C and N during the early stages of reclamation, which suggests that legumes can be used as initial colonizers to restore coal mine spoils [23], or as "nurse plants" to facilitate the stabilization of soil, and improve physico-chemical conditions allowing establishment of shrub and tree species [24]. Overall, vegetation restoration is a cost-effective and frequently used way to ameliorate degraded lands in coal mining areas.…”