Slow binocular rivalry in bipolar disorder

Miller, Steven M.; Gynther, Bruce; Heslop, Karen; Liu, Guang B.; Mitchell, Philip B.; Ngo, Trung Thanh; Pettigrew, John D.; Geffen, L. B.

doi:10.1017/s0033291703007475

Cited by 86 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In support of this proposal, it has been shown that extreme deviations from the norm in rivalry rate correspond with symptoms of psychosis (Pettigrew and Miller, 1998;Leonard et al, 2001;Miller et al, 2003). Further strengthening this link between deviations in perceptual rivalry rhythm and fluctuations in conscious state was the incidental observation that the rhythmicity of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry was greatly increased 10 h after the reported consumption of LSD (Carter and Pettigrew, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Modulating the Rate and Rhythmicity of Perceptual Rivalry Alternations with the Mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Agonist Psilocybin

Carter

Pettigrew

Hasler

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Binocular rivalry occurs when different images are presented simultaneously to corresponding points within the left and right eyes. Under these conditions, the observer's perception will alternate between the two perceptual alternatives. Motivated by the reported link between the rate of perceptual alternations, symptoms of psychosis and an incidental observation that the rhythmicity of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry was greatly increased 10 h after the consumption of LSD, this study aimed to investigate the pharmacology underlying binocular rivalry and to explore the connection between the timing of perceptual switching and psychosis. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, PY) was chosen for the study because, like LSD, it is known to act as an agonist at serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors and to produce an altered state sometimes marked by psychosis-like symptoms. A total of 12 healthy human volunteers were tested under placebo, low-dose (115 mg/kg) and high-dose (250 mg/kg) PY conditions. In line with predictions, under both low-and high-dose conditions, the results show that at 90 min postadministration (the peak of drug action), rate and rhythmicity of perceptual alternations were significantly reduced from placebo levels. Following the 90 min testing period, the perceptual switch rate successively increased, with some individuals showing increases well beyond pretest levels at the final testing, 360 min postadministration. However, as some subjects had still not returned to pretest levels by this time, the mean phase duration at 360 min was not found to differ significantly from placebo. Reflecting the drug-induced changes in rivalry phase durations, subjects showed clear changes in psychological state as indexed by the 5D-ASC (altered states of consciousness) rating scales. This study suggests the involvement of serotonergic pathways in binocular rivalry and supports the previously proposed role of a brainstem oscillator in perceptual rivalry alternations and symptoms of psychosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Modulating the Rate and Rhythmicity of Perceptual Rivalry Alternations with the Mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Agonist Psilocybin

Carter

Pettigrew

Hasler

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…We also were motivated by data (7,8) showing slow binocular rivalry may be an endophenotype for bipolar disorder, a condition with high heritability (0.59-0.85) (9, 10). A key feature of a putative endophenotype is that it should be a heritable trait (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic contribution to individual variation in binocular rivalry rate

Miller

Hansell

Ngo

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

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Binocular rivalry occurs when conflicting images are presented in corresponding locations of the two eyes. Perception alternates between the images at a rate that is relatively stable within individuals but that varies widely between individuals. The determinants of this variation are unknown. In addition, slow binocular rivalry has been demonstrated in bipolar disorder, a psychiatric condition with high heritability. The present study therefore examined whether there is a genetic contribution to individual variation in binocular rivalry rate. We employed the twin method and studied both monozygotic (MZ) twins (n = 128 pairs) who are genetically identical, and dizygotic (DZ) twins (n = 220 pairs) who share roughly half their genes. MZ and DZ twin correlations for binocular rivalry rate were 0.51 and 0.19, respectively. The bestfitting genetic model showed 52% of the variance in binocular rivalry rate was accounted for by additive genetic factors. In contrast, nonshared environmental influences accounted for 18% of the variance, with the remainder attributed to measurement error. This study therefore demonstrates a substantial genetic contribution to individual variation in binocular rivalry rate. The results support the vigorous pursuit of genetic and molecular studies of binocular rivalry and further characterization of slow binocular rivalry as an endophenotype for bipolar disorder.perceptual rivalry | bipolar disorder | endophenotype | genetics | twins B inocular rivalry has been widely investigated in the visual sciences for more than 100 years. The phenomenon (Fig. 1A) is thought to engage a series of neural processes at different levels of the visual hierarchy (1). However, a detailed understanding of processing at each level and of interactions between levels has yet to be achieved. One aspect of binocular rivalry that has been studied extensively is its temporal dynamics. Several extrinsic factors are known to determine binocular rivalry rate and the strength of one stimulus over its rival (i.e., predominance). These factors include the contrast, spatial frequency, velocity, and semantic context of the stimuli (1, 2). Far less is known about the intrinsic factors that determine binocular rivalry rate when stimulus and ambient conditions are held constant, despite several studies showing that the rate of binocular rivalry varies widely between individuals but is relatively stable within individuals (3-8). The present study investigated whether there is a genetic contribution to individual variation in binocular rivalry rate.Our interest was motivated by a lack of focus on individual differences in binocular rivalry research and of models addressing such differences. We also were motivated by data (7,8) showing slow binocular rivalry may be an endophenotype for bipolar disorder, a condition with high heritability (0.59-0.85) (9, 10). A key feature of a putative endophenotype is that it should be a heritable trait (11). To examine the heritability of binocular rivalry, we employed the twin method and studie...

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“…While grey matter volume can change over the life span and there is some short-term experience-dependent plasticity associated with learning motor tasks (Draganski et al 2004), there is a strong heritable component to switch rate in multistable perception (Miller et al 2010;Shannon et al 2011). Moreover, switch rate correlates with the occurrence and severity of bipolar disorder (Pettigrew and Miller 1998;Miller et al 2003;Krug et al 2008;Nagamine et al 2009). This obviously does not imply that binocular rivalry, and bistable perception in general, is causal to psychiatric or neurological conditions but it suggests that rivalry shares mechanisms affected in these conditions.…”

Section: Access To Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%