Slow Breathing Training Reduces Resting Blood Pressure and the Pressure Responses to Exercise

Jones, Chulee; Sangthong, Benjarat; Pachirat, Orathai; Jones, David A.

doi:10.33549/physiolres.932950

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Patients with essential hypertension show exaggerated responses to muscle contraction, and BP remains high after the end of exercise if the blood supply is occluded, indicating an increased sensitivity of the metaboreflex (Delaney et al, 2010;Greaney et al, 2014;Sausen, Delaney, Stillabower, & Farquhar, 2009), and this can be reversed by SLB training (Jones et al, 2015). But how SLB affects these processes is not clear.…”

Section: Physiological Changes In Hypertension and Slbmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of slow loaded breathing training on exercise blood pressure in isolated systolic hypertension

Ubolsakka-Jones

Tongdee

Jones

2019

Physiotherapy Res Intl

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Objectives Slow loaded breathing training has been shown to reduce resting blood pressure (BP) in isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), but it is not known whether this also reduces their exaggerated BP responses to exercise. Methods The study was a randomized controlled trial with block allocation stratified by sex. Twenty ISH patients (68 ± 5 yrs, 11 males) were randomized with one group undertaking 8‐weeks training with slow loaded breathing (SLB: 25% maximum inspiratory pressure, 6 breaths per minute, 60 breaths every day) or deep breathing control (CON), with 8 weeks follow‐up. Outcome measures were home BP and heart rate (HR) with laboratory measures of BP and HR responses to static handgrip and dynamic arm cranking exercise. Data were compared with a two‐week run‐in baseline. Results Home systolic BP fell by 22 mmHg (20–23; mean, 95% CI), diastolic BP by 9 mmHg (7–11), and HR by 12 bpm (9–15; all p < .001) as a result of SLB training. Systolic BP at the end of 2‐min isometric handgrip was 189 ± 10 mmHg (mean, SD) before training and 157 ± 6 mmHg following SLB training. After 4‐min arm exercise, systolic BP, measured at the ankle, was reduced from 243 ± 8 mmHg during the run‐in period to 170 ± 15 mmHg after SLB training with no change for CON. The reduction in exercise BP, in both types of exercise, was partly due to a reduction in resting BP and to a smaller increase above resting. Systolic and pulse pressures remained below run‐in values 8 weeks after the end of SLB training, and BP response to handgrip exercise remained below run‐in values at 4 weeks after SLB training. Conclusions SLB not only reduces resting BP in ISH but also the responses to both static and dynamic exercise, potentially reducing the negative aspect of exercise for cardiovascular health.

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Section: Physiological Changes In Hypertension and Slbmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of slow loaded breathing training on exercise blood pressure in isolated systolic hypertension

Ubolsakka-Jones

Tongdee

Jones

2019

Physiotherapy Res Intl

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“…The research on the effect of respiration on HRV has become a hot topic in recent years [10,11].Previous studies have demonstrated that respiration is one of important influencing factors for HRV [12,13]. Cicek S et al [14] confirmed that deep and slow breathing can make people turn from depression to relaxation, and improve the regulation function of human organs or autonomic nerves, so as to improve the adaptability of human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of voluntary breathing exercises on stable coronary artery disease in heart rate variability and rate-pressure product: a study protocol for a single blind, prospective randomized controlled trial

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: At present, China has more than 11 million patients with stable coronary heart disease, becoming a major public health problem. The pathological changes of coronary heart disease can lead to dysfunction of cardiac autonomic nervous system, which increases the risk of complications such as malignant arrhythmia (ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation, etc.), heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure-product (RPP), which is highly correlated with myocardial oxygen consumption and indirectly reflects myocardial blood supply and oxygen consumption. Although the guidelines recommend that such patients take drugs to reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption, the clinical control of heart rate is still not ideal. Thus, in this trial, we will use voluntary breathing exercises as the strategy of exercise rehabilitation patients with Stable coronary artery disease（SCAD）, in order to increase the vagus nerve activity and/or reduce the sympathetic nervous activity, help maintain or rebuild the balance of plant nerve system, improve the time domain index of heart rate variability, reduce the burden on the heart, relieve patients' anxiety and other negative emotions. Methods: This is a 6 months single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial that will be conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. 140 patients who fill out the Informed Consent Form are registered and randomized 1:1 into the Voluntary Breathing Exercises（VBE）-based clinical trial monitoring group (n = 70) or the Routine follow-up group (n = 70). The VBE-based clinical trial monitoring group is given VBE training on the basis of conventional treatment and health education, while the control group received conventional health education and follow-up. The primary outcome will be measured heart rate variability(HRV) and rate-pressure product (RPP). Secondary outcomes will include changes in self-rating anxiety ccale (SAS), total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C), weight and body mass index (BMI). Discussion: This trial will carry out scientific respiratory exercise for patients with stable coronary heart disease, which belongs to the category of active secondary prevention for patients, and changes from remedial to pre-protective. VBE is easy to operate, and is not limited by time and place. It is very important and meaningful to carry out VBE for patients with SCAD. This study will provide considerable evidence for further large-scale trials and alternative strategies for the rehabilitation nursing of patients with SCAD. Trial registration: This study is registered at Chinese Clinical Trials Registry.gov, ID:1900024043.Registered on 23 June 2019. Keywords: Breathing, Stable coronary artery disease, Heart rate variability, Blood pressure , Myocardial oxygen consumption

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“…The research on the effect of respiration on HRV has become a hot topic in recent years [9][10].Previous studies have demonstrated that respiration is one of important influencing factors for HRV [11,12]. Cicek S et al [13] confirmed that deep and slow breathing can make people turn from depression to relaxation, and improve the regulation function of human organs or autonomic nerves, so as to improve the adaptability of human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One-to-one telephone follow-up or home visit: The patient will be followed up after Practice time: The total time per day is more than 30min [25], which can be delivered in batches, but at least 10 minutes at a time and at least 5 times a week [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of voluntary breathing exercises on stable coronary artery disease in heart rate variability and rate-pressure product: a study protocol for a single blind, prospective randomized controlled trial

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract Background: At present, China has more than 11 million patients with stable coronary heart disease, becoming a major public health problem. The pathological changes of coronary heart disease can lead to dysfunction of cardiac autonomic nervous system, which increases the risk of complications such as malignant arrhythmia (ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation, etc.), heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure-product (RPP), which is highly correlated with myocardial oxygen consumption and indirectly reflects myocardial blood supply and oxygen consumption. Although the guidelines recommend that such patients take drugs to reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption, the clinical control of heart rate is still not ideal. Thus, in this trial, we will use voluntary breathing exercises as the strategy of exercise rehabilitation patients with SCAD, in order to increase the vagus nerve activity and/or reduce the sympathetic nervous activity, help maintain or rebuild the balance of plant nerve system, improve the time domain index of heart rate variability, reduce the burden on the heart, relieve patients' anxiety and other negative emotions. Methods: This is a 6 months single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial that will be conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Eighty patients who fill out the Informed Consent Form are registered and randomized 1:1 into the VBE-based clinical trial monitoring group (n = 40) or the Routine follow-up group (n = 40). The VBE-based clinical trial monitoring group is given VBE training on the basis of conventional treatment and health education, while the control group received conventional health education and follow-up. The primary outcome will be measured heart rate variability (HRV) and rate-pressure product (RPP). Secondary outcomes will include changes in self-rating anxiety ccale (SAS), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C), weight and body mass index (BMI). Discussion: This trial will carry out scientific respiratory exercise for patients with stable coronary heart disease, which belongs to the category of active secondary prevention for patients, and changes from remedial to pre-protective. VBE is easy to operate, and is not limited by time and place. It is very important and meaningful to carry out VBE for patients with SCAD. This study will provide considerable evidence for further large-scale trials and alternative strategies for the rehabilitation nursing of patients with SCAD. Trial registration: This study is registered at Chinese Clinical Trials Registry.gov, ID:1900024043.Registered on 23 June 2019.

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Slow Breathing Training Reduces Resting Blood Pressure and the Pressure Responses to Exercise

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

The effects of slow loaded breathing training on exercise blood pressure in isolated systolic hypertension

The effects of slow loaded breathing training on exercise blood pressure in isolated systolic hypertension

Effect of voluntary breathing exercises on stable coronary artery disease in heart rate variability and rate-pressure product: a study protocol for a single blind, prospective randomized controlled trial

Effect of voluntary breathing exercises on stable coronary artery disease in heart rate variability and rate-pressure product: a study protocol for a single blind, prospective randomized controlled trial

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