Slow potentials of the cerebral cortex and behavior.

Birbaumer, Niels; Elbert, Thomas; Canavan, A. G. M.; Rockstroh, Brigitte

doi:10.1152/physrev.1990.70.1.1

Cited by 977 publications

(654 citation statements)

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“…Hence, a minimization of extraneous stimulus processing would facilitate the transference of incoming stimulus information from frontal to temporal-parietal areas to sharpen memory operations. This speculation is supported broadly by neurophysiological results (Friedman et al, 2001;Knight and Nakada, 1998;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2005;Ranganath and Rainer, 2003), experimental findings (Birbaumer and Elbert, 1988;Birbaumer et al, 1990), and personality ERP variation (DiTraglia and Polich, 1991;Orlebeke et al, 1989;Polich and Martin, 1992;Stenberg, 1994). Although these results are diverse, such an inhibition hypothesis cognitively encompasses the aggregate findings using a unitary mechanism.…”

Section: P300 As Inhibition: a Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 91%

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Polich

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

6,445

458

6,265

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The empirical and theoretical development of the P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) is reviewed by considering factors that contribute to its amplitude, latency, and general characteristics. The neuropsychological origins of the P3a and P3b subcomponents are detailed, and how target/ standard discrimination difficulty modulates scalp topography is discussed. The neural loci of P3a and P3b generation are outlined, and a cognitive model is proffered: P3a originates from stimulusdriven frontal attention mechanisms during task processing, whereas P3b originates from temporalparietal activity associated with attention and appears related to subsequent memory processing. Neurotransmitter actions associating P3a to frontal/dopaminergic and P3b to parietal/norepinephrine pathways are highlighted. Neuroinhibition is suggested as an overarching theoretical mechanism for P300, which is elicited when stimulus detection engages memory operations.

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Section: P300 As Inhibition: a Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 91%

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Polich

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

6,445

458

6,265

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“…The P300 has been proposed to reflect attentional allocation and context updating processes of working memory (Polich and Herbst, 2000); cognitive closure (Desmedt, 1980), and is probably associated with activation of inhibitory processes over widespread cortical areas (Birbaumer et al, 1990;Desmedt, 1980;Rockstroh et al, 1992;Tomberg and Desmedt, 1998;Verleger, 1988). The amplitude of P300 reflects inhibitory processes of irrelevant stimuli (Birbaumer et al, 1990;Desmedt, 1980;Klimesch et al, 2000), while its time of occurrence (latency) reflects mental processing speed (Polich and Herbst, 2000); the earlier and larger the P300, the easier the processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amplitude of P300 reflects inhibitory processes of irrelevant stimuli (Birbaumer et al, 1990;Desmedt, 1980;Klimesch et al, 2000), while its time of occurrence (latency) reflects mental processing speed (Polich and Herbst, 2000); the earlier and larger the P300, the easier the processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delta and theta oscillations as risk markers in adolescent offspring of alcoholics

Rangaswamy

Jones

Porjesz

et al. 2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

117

136

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Background-Visual P300 is consistently lower in alcohol dependent individuals, their offspring and subjects at risk. Delta and theta event related oscillations (ERO) are the major contributors to the P300 signal. The total and evoked power in delta and theta bands in the 300 to 700 millisecond post-stimulus window (corresponding to the zone of P3 maxima) was compared between adolescent offspring of alcoholics (high-risk) and age-matched normal controls (low-risk), to assess the utility of the risk markers.Methods-EEG was recorded during the performance of visual oddball task. The S-Transform algorithm decomposed the EEG signals into different frequency bands and the group differences in total and evoked power in the oscillatory responses during the P300 time window (300 to 700 ms) were analyzed using a multivariate design. Similar analysis was performed on P300 peak amplitudes for the target.Results-The high-risk group showed significantly lower parietal post-stimulus evoked and total power in the delta band for targets. A decrease in total power was seen centrally and parietally in theta band. The P300 peak amplitude in the parietal electrodes was also significantly lower in the high-risk group.Conclusions-The decreased total theta power and total and evoked delta power for visual targets in high risk individuals may serve as an endophenotypic marker in the development of alcoholism and other disinhibitory disorders. The differences seen between the offspring of alcoholics and controls may have a cholinergic basis. The ERO measures appear to be more robust than the P300 amplitude in differentiating the groups.

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“…SPs are possibly a recording of the tuning of cortical excitability, realized by control of depolarization in apical dendrites of cortical cells receiving input from thalamocortical neurons relaying motor excitation [Birbaumer et al, 1990]. This is a very difficult paradigm for interpreting any RF effects on memory or learning tasks because the behaviors tested may not be directly related to the recording of SPs.…”

Section: Electroencephalography and Evoked Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, there are many uncontrolled intervening variables. These include mood and motivation, which are reported to have a large influence on the size of the slow wave potential [Birbaumer et al, 1990]. Thimonier et al [1997] looked for an effect of GSM 900 MHz exposure on evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR) (160-1500 Hz) in 20 young subjects, 20-30 years of age.…”

Section: Electroencephalography and Evoked Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave effects on the nervous system

D'Andrea

Chou

Johnston³

et al. 2003

Bioelectromagnetics

117

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Studies have evaluated the electroencephalography (EEG) of humans and laboratory animals during and after Radiofrequency (RF) exposures. Effects of RF exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been generally accepted for exposures that are thermalizing. Low level exposures that report alterations of the BBB remain controversial. Exposure to high levels of RF energy can damage the structure and function of the nervous system. Much research has focused on the neurochemistry of the brain and the reported effects of RF exposure. Research with isolated brain tissue has provided new results that do not seem to rely on thermal mechanisms. Studies of individuals who are reported to be sensitive to electric and magnetic fields are discussed. In this review of the literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions concerning hazards to human health. The many exposure parameters such as frequency, orientation, modulation, power density, and duration of exposure make direct comparison of many experiments difficult. At high exposure power densities, thermal effects are prevalent and can lead to adverse consequences. At lower levels of exposure biological effects may still occur but thermal mechanisms are not ruled out. It is concluded that the diverse methods and experimental designs as well as lack of replication of many seemingly important studies prevents formation of definite conclusions concerning hazardous nervous system health effects from RF exposure. The only firm conclusion that may be drawn is the potential for hazardous thermal consequences of high power RF exposure.

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Slow potentials of the cerebral cortex and behavior.

Cited by 977 publications

References 0 publications

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Delta and theta oscillations as risk markers in adolescent offspring of alcoholics

Microwave effects on the nervous system

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