Slowly progressive non-neoplastic autoimmune-like retinopathy

Ohta, Kouichi; Kikuchi, Takanobu; Yoshida, Noriko

doi:10.1007/s00417-010-1436-4

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Considering that a previous study 8 indicated that the retina from other species can be a substitute for research as long as there is an appropriate control, we believe that the effect of using mice retina instead of human retina should be minimal. In fact, most previous studies 7,18,20,31,35,36,40,44,47,48 used bovine, pig, monkey, rat, and mouse retina, as well as human retina. A third limitation is the clinical diagnosis of PR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Paraneoplastic Retinopathy

Makiyama

Kikuchi

Otani

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum samples were obtained from each patient and analyzed by Western blot as previously reported. 18 Briefly, retina, brain, kidney, liver, and spleen tissue samples from C57BL/6 mice were homogenized. Extracted proteins were used to detect organ-specific antibodies.…”

Section: Western Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Paraneoplastic Retinopathy

Makiyama

Kikuchi

Otani

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Autoantibodies with similar specificities were found in patients with AR who do not have a previous history of visual problems and develop a sudden onset of photopsias, night blindness, scotomata, and visual field loss ( 39 , 87 ). AAbs against recoverin, α-enolase, aldolase, and CAII as well as AAbs against heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP60) and CRMP2 were identified in patients with AR ( 66 , 76 , 88 , 89 ). It has been speculated that AR can also be a secondary complication of other conditions such as RP, birdshot retinopathy, or acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR).…”

Section: Retinal Autoantigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Anti-Retinal Autoantibodies a Cause or a Consequence of Retinal Degeneration in Autoimmune Retinopathies?

Adamus

2018

Front. Immunol.

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Autoantibodies (AAbs) against various retinal proteins have been associated with vision loss in paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathies (AR). There are two major paraneoplastic syndromes associated anti-retinal AAbs, cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), and melanoma-associated retinopathy. Some people without a cancer diagnosis may present symptoms of CAR and have anti-retinal AAbs. The etiology and pathogenesis of those entities are not fully understood. In this review, we provide evidence for the role of AAbs in retinal death and degeneration. Studies of epitope mapping for anti-recoverin, anti-enolase, and anti-carbonic anhydrase II revealed that although patients’ AAbs may recognize the same retinal protein as normal individuals they bind to different molecular domains, which allows distinguishing between normal and diseased AAbs. Given the great diversity of anti-retinal AAbs, it is likely some antibodies have greater pathogenic potential than others. Pathogenic, but not normal antibodies penetrate the target cell, reach their specific antigen, induce apoptosis, and impact retinal pathophysiology. Photoreceptors, dying by apoptosis, induced by other than immunologic mechanisms produce substantial amounts of metabolic debris, which consequently leads to autoimmunization and enhanced permeability of the blood–retinal barrier. AAbs that were made as a part of anti-cancer response are likely to be the cause of retinal degeneration, whereas others, generated against released antigens from damaged retina, contribute to the progression of retinopathy. Altogether, AAbs may trigger retinal degeneration and may also exacerbate the degenerative process in response to the release of sequestered antigens and influence disease progression.

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“…Some npAIR patients have cystic macular changes that may not leak on fluorescein angiography. 95 Some of these patients are diagnosed as having RP based on clinical findings, but they have no family history of RP. 32,92 The clinical phenotype of npAIR is very similar to CAR, but the onset has been reported at a younger age than in CAR, 6,93 and there is often a strong family or medical history of autoimmune disease.…”

Section: Non-paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Retinopathy and Antiretinal Antibodies

Grewal

Fishman

Jampol

2014

Retina

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Purpose: To review the current state for diagnosis and management of autoimmune retinopathy.Methods: A review of the literature was performed, encompassing autoimmune retinopathy including paraneoplastic retinopathy (cancer-associated retinopathy, melanoma-associated retinopathy, and bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation) and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy. Based on this review, current principles and techniques for diagnosis and the treatments reported for autoimmune retinopathy are discussed with the aim to clarify some of the confusion that exists regarding this complex entity.Results: Autoimmune retinopathy encompasses a spectrum of retinal degeneration phenotypes. The clinical features, fundus characteristics, and electroretinogram findings for paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic retinopathy are reviewed. The different antiretinal antibodies reported in these entities are described. The diagnostic approaches for detecting these antiretinal antibodies and their limitations are covered. The treatments reported for autoimmune retinopathy and their outcomes are reviewed.Conclusion: Among the myriad of antiretinal antibodies reported, challenges persist in determining which antibodies are pathogenic and which are benign and what factors cause antiretinal antibodies to become pathologic. There also remain difficulties in the detection and accurate measurement of antiretinal antibodies, and the response to therapeutic intervention in autoimmune retinopathy is variable.

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Slowly progressive non-neoplastic autoimmune-like retinopathy

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Paraneoplastic Retinopathy

Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Paraneoplastic Retinopathy

Are Anti-Retinal Autoantibodies a Cause or a Consequence of Retinal Degeneration in Autoimmune Retinopathies?

Autoimmune Retinopathy and Antiretinal Antibodies

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