SlS5H silencing reveals specific pathogen-triggered salicylic acid metabolism in tomato

Abstract

The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA or 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) plays an important role in plant biotic and abiotic responses. Gentisic acid (GA or 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-DHBA) is the product of the SA 5-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the S5H enzyme, also known as DMR6. GA has been described to accumulate at high levels in compatible plant-pathogen interactions such as tomato plants infected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid (CEVd), and to a much lesser extend upon Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 pv. tomato (Pst) infection. Here we describe the specific effect that tomato SlS5H impairment produces on both plant-pathogen interactions. The induction of SlS5H in tomato plants by different pathogens was corroborated by qRT-PCR and correlated with previously described 2,5-DHBA accumulations. Transient SlS5H over-expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana confirmed that SA is a substrate for SlS5H in vivo. RNAi_SlS5H tomato transgenic plants were generated and characterized upon CEVd and Pst infections. Transgenic tomato plants displayed an activation of defences and therefore a loss of susceptibility against both pathogens, and alternative SA homeostasis seems to occur for each specific interaction. Metabolomic assays revealed that whilst the glycosylated form of SA was the most discriminant metabolite found in CEVd infected RNAi_SlS5H transgenic plants, trans-feruloyldopamine, feruloylquinic acid, feruloylgalactarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate were the most accumulated compounds in the Pst-infected transgenic tomato leaves. Transgenic lines also displayed hyper susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, as well as a smaller size and early senescence. Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which tomato plants specifically set SA homeostasis upon different pathogen attacks.One sentence summaryThe impairment of SA hydroxylation in tomato plants uncovers specific SA homeostasis upon CEVd or Pseudomonas syringae infections.

Análise fitoquímica de extratos de milho (Zea mays L.) cultivados com dife-rentes adubações

“…A produção de substâncias fitoquímicas estão correlacionadas com as condições do meio em que esta planta está sujeita, como em relação a proteção, crescimento e reprodução da planta, podem também esteram correlacionadas com as condições de estresse biótico ou abiótico, como mudanças na luminosidade, radiação UV, temperatura, deficiência ou exposição excessiva de nutrientes, insetos, infecções bacterianas ou fúngicas, e outros fatores (Sousa e Sousa, 2017), (Payá et al 2021).…”