Sludge blanket anaerobic baffled reactor for source-separated blackwater treatment

Abstract

The performance of a sludge blanket anaerobic baffled reactor was tested as an integrated treatment system for source-separated blackwater. The system consists of a stirred equalization tank, a buffer inlet tank, and two identical reactors, each with a working volume of 16.4 L, operated in parallel. Both reactors run at 3-days hydraulic retention time with different intermittent pulse feeding. Pulse lengths of 12 and 24 seconds per feed were set with respective rates of 114 L h−1 and 52 L h−1 for the short-pulse fed reactor (RI) and the long-pulse fed reactor (RII). Stable performance of the reactors was attained after 120 and 90 days, for RI and RII, respectively. After stable conditions attained, total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency stabilized above 78%. Biogas production ranged from 0.52 to 1.16 L d−1 L−1 reactor volume, with 67–82% methane concentration and an average conversion of 0.69 ± 0.2 and 0.73 ± 0.2 g CH4-COD g−1CODin for RI and RII, respectively. The results imply that source-separated blackwater can be treated effectively in an anaerobic sludge blanket process on average loading rate of 2.3 ± 0.5 g COD d−1 L−1 reactor volume with high methane production potential and more than 80% removal of organic and particulate matter.

Effect of ElasticFiller on Pollutant Removal in Each Compartment of ABR

“…Using ABR as a pre-treatment process for agricultural irrigation and utilization of rural sewage can not only remove most of the organic pollutants and pollutants and suspended solids in the sewage [8] but also effectively kill the pathogenic bacteria in the sewage and fully retain the nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage [9], so as to reduce the amount of fertilizer, reduce the non-point source pollution caused by fertilizer application, and improve the yield of crops. However, the chemical oxygen demand (COD)and suspended solid (SS)of ABR effluent are high [10][11][12], which not only cannot meet the water quality requirements of all crop irrigation but also improves the operation load of the subsequent treatment process.…”

“…Elastic filler slightly increased the degree of DOM humification (or maturity) in ABR effluent, but did not change the main source of humus like substance and DOM in ABR effluent.Sustainability 2020, 12, 2325 2 of 16 suspended solids in the sewage [8] but also effectively kill the pathogenic bacteria in the sewage and fully retain the nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage [9], so as to reduce the amount of fertilizer, reduce the non-point source pollution caused by fertilizer application, and improve the yield of crops. However, the chemical oxygen demand (COD)and suspended solid (SS)of ABR effluent are high [10][11][12], which not only cannot meet the water quality requirements of all crop irrigation but also improves the operation load of the subsequent treatment process.Elastic filler has the advantages of light weight, stable performance, and low price. Adding elastic filler to ABR can increase its biomass and retention capacity, thus improving its removal effect on COD and SS.…”

Analisis Molekular dan Karakteristik Hidrogen Sianida (HCN)

“…143,1 kj/mol Tabel 3. Sifat Termodinamika Hidrogen Sianida pembuatan asam sianida (HCN) yang paling sering dilakukan menggunakan metode, yang diciptakan oleh Leonid Andrussow, dimana metana (155)(156)(157)(158)(159)(160)(161)(162)(163)(164)(165)(166)(167)(168)(169)(170)(171)(172)(173)(174) , dan amonia bereaksi pada suhu [206] sekitar 1200 o C menggunakan katalis platina (175)(176)(177)(178)(179)(180)(181)(182)(183)(184)(185)(186)(187)(188)(189)(190)(191)(192)(193)(194) , dengan reaksi sebagai berikut :…”

“…Sebelum menentukan pengukuran konduktivitas,terlebih dahulu mengetahui penyebab dari pergerakan ion dengan laju yang berbeda-beda, dan penyebab ion tersebut memiliki konduktivitas molar yang berlainan,serta sebab konduktivitas molar (166) elektrolit kuat berkurang dengan akar konsentrasi. (167) Konsep nya adalah makin besar mobilitas ion (168; 169) dalam larutan, (134) maka semakin besar pula kontribusinya pada konduktivitas (untuk muatan tertentu).…”

Treatment of Source-Separated Blackwater: A Decentralized Strategy for Nutrient Recovery towards a Circular Economy

“…Anaerobically treated blackwater effluent from a lab-scale anaerobic sludge blanket reactor [24] was collected in a 12 L storage tank and used as an inlet for a column filtration study. The composition of the effluent with respect to organic matter (both total and dissolved), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, and dissolved nutrients (mainly NH 4 -N and PO 4 -P) and E. coli were analyzed using standard methods as described in Section 2.3.…”