Small Airways Disease

Karthikeyan, D

doi:10.5005/jp/books/12094_8

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…In humans, on histologic examination, the “tree‐in‐bud” pattern reflects the impaction of the centrilobular bronchioles with mucus, pus, granulation tissue, or fluid, resulting in dilation of these small airways that should not normally be seen on CT or radiography . Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage and histology of lung tissue were inconsistently performed in this retrospective study; thus the nature of these plugs in cats remains inconclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage and histology of lung tissue were inconsistently performed in this retrospective study; thus the nature of these plugs in cats remains inconclusive. In humans, the differential diagnoses for “tree‐in‐bud” lesions include infectious agents (bacterial, viral, and fungal agents, tuberculosis), aspiration, infectious variants (cystic fibrosis, allergic bronchopulmonary disease), and noninfectious causes (bronchioalveolar carcinoma, follicular bronchiolitis, intravascular metastases) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On radiography, all adjacent vessels appeared normal in size, whereas on CT 28% cats had a decrease in size of the accompanying pulmonary artery. In humans, bronchiolar obstruction leads to downstream hypoventilation of the alveoli, hypoxic vasoconstriction, and a decrease in size of affected vessels; simultaneously blood is shunted to other better oxygenated regions of the lung, leading to a pattern of mosaic attenuation . Thirty‐three percent of cats had a mosaic pattern on CT, associated with the “tree‐in‐bud” pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This produces on CT a characteristic pattern of a “tree‐in‐bud,” more commonly seen in lung periphery and associated with nodular and linear branching opacities, likened to a budding tree in spring . This specific pattern can be recognized when the nodules follow the airway tree, are evenly spaced from one another and do not contact the visceral pleural surfaces on CT . It is often associated with abnormalities of the larger airways ( = bronchi) in humans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The computed tomographic “tree‐in‐bud” pattern: Characterization and comparison with radiographic and clinical findings in 36 cats

Hahn

Specchi²,

Masseau

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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In humans, a CT "tree-in-bud" pattern has been described as a characteristic of centrilobular bronchiolar dilation, with bronchiolar plugging by mucus, pus, or fluid. Aims of this retrospective, descriptive, multi-center study were to characterize the CT appearance of a "tree-in-bud" pattern in a group of cats, and compare this pattern with radiographic and clinical findings. Databases from four hospitals were searched during the period of January 2012 to September 2015 and cats with thoracic radiographs, thoracic CT scans and CT reports describing findings consistent with a "tree-in-bud" pattern were included. Images were reviewed by two veterinary radiologists and characteristics were recorded based on consensus. Clinical findings were recorded by one observer from each center. Thirty-six cats met inclusion criteria. Six cats were asymptomatic, 12 were diagnosed with bronchial disease and 23 were suspected to have bronchial disease. Right cranial and right caudal lung lobes were most commonly affected on both imaging modalities. Localization of the "tree-in-bud" pattern was most often peripheral. On radiographs, the CT "tree-in-bud" pattern often appeared as soft-tissue opacity nodules; their number and affected pulmonary segments were often underestimated compared with CT. In conclusion, the "tree-in-bud" pattern should be considered as a differential diagnosis for radiographic soft tissue opaque nodules in feline lungs. Based on lesion localization and presence or suspicion of a concomitant bronchial disease for cats in this sample, authors propose that the CT "tree-in-bud" pattern described in humans is also a characteristic of bronchial or bronchiolar plugging and bronchial disease in cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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