Small Bowel

Riedesel, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48247-9.00059-0

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…In the small intestine, the same layering of the stomach is observed (see above); colonic wall has a layered appearance like the small intestine but is thinner with less obvious layering; it can be easily identified because of its location and striking acoustic shadow and reverberation artifacts (Nyland et al, 2016). Normal small bowel wall thickness ranges approximately from 2 to 5 mm; large bowel thickness, instead, ranges from 1 to 2,5 mm (Riedesel, 2017). The duodenal wall tends to be slightly more prominent than the remaining bowel in dogs, while in the cats, the ileum appears to be the thickest segment.…”

Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 79%

“…In left lateral recumbency, gas from the stomach often passes into the proximal duodenum and this is helpful if duodenal pathology such as neoplasia or foreign body is suspected (Paoloni et al, 2002). No accurate specific measurement for the normal diameter of canine and feline bowel exist, because of the variation in dogs body size and the magnification effects of radiography (Riedesel, 2017).…”

Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some neoplasm like AC and AL may appear as a protruding or annular stenotic mass causing signs of total or partial obstruction, visible on survey radiography as a bowel dilation or accumulation of radiopaque foreign material ("gravel sign") proximal to the lesion (Paoloni et al, 2002;Gieger, 2011). There are no unique survey radiographic findings in intestinal tumour: Wall's masses may cause smoothly rounded lumen protrusions or deformation of the serosal contour and if the mural mass surrounds the lumen, that becomes enlarged and irregularly shaped (Riedesel, 2017). Contrast radiography provides a better definition in the detection of these lesions than survey radiographs, outlining more precisely the narrowing of the lumen at the tumour site (Paoloni et al, 2002).…”

Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Simeoni¹,

Signore²,

Terragni³

et al. 2020

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Gastrointestinal tract tumours in dogs and cats are characterized by non-specific clinical presentation and laboratory abnormalities, but require fast identification, characterization and staging. Imaging techniques play a key role in the diagnostic process of these diseases in routine veterinary practice. Survey and contrast radiography may indicate primary or secondary signs of gastric or intestinal neoplasia such as a wall mass, functional alterations and stenosis points, but they have low sensibility and limited diagnostic value. Ultrasound allows to perform a detailed study of gastrointestinal wall's layers and thickness and adjacent organs but requires adequate acoustic windows and expert operators. Computed tomography is a reference technique both in human and veterinary oncology for the identification of primary neoplasms and for metastases searching thanks to the possibility to scan the whole body and the use of intravenous iodinated contrast medium for vascular assessment. Specific intraluminal distension techniques such as Helical-Hydro Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography Colonography can improve respectively stomach and colon associated masses. To date, Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance, despite their proven value in human medicine, lack of literatures that support their usefulness in the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal neoplasms in veterinary medicine and are not widely used in these pathologies. The purpose of this work is to review the literature on imaging modalities applied in gastrointestinal tumours diagnosis in dogs and cats, highlighting advantages and limitations of each technique in order to choose the proper imaging procedure in everyday clinical practice.

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Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Simeoni¹,

Signore²,

Terragni³

et al. 2020

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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“…Dilated gas-filled tubular structures on abdominal radiographs are usually associated with intestinal ileus (21,22). This case report describes an emphysematous pyometra in a dog that was caused by Enterococcus avium, a microorganism that has never been reported in canine pyometra, and which radiographically presented similarly to small intestinal ileus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Emphysematous pyometra secondary to Enterococcus avium infection in a dog

Chang¹,

Cheng²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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A 5-year-old female intact Mastiff dog was presented with a history of vaginal discharge for 1 day. Physical examination revealed a sanguineo-purulent vaginal discharge and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Abdominal radiographs showed several dilated and gas- filled tubular loops. The differential diagnoses included emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal mechanical ileus. Surgical exploration of the abdomen demonstrated a severely dilated and gas-filled uterus, and emphysematous pyometra was confirmed. The patient's clinical signs resolved after ovariohysterectomy. Histopathology revealed mild endometrial cystic hyperplasia with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the superficial endometrial epithelia. Enterococcus avium, an α-hemolytic gram-positive coccus, was isolated from the uterus. This paper highlights the radiographic features of emphysematous pyometra and a pathogen that has never been reported to be associated with canine pyometra previously.

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“…The canine stomach is anatomically different in shape and position from the feline stomach. In dogs, the antrum and duodenum lie to the right of midline while in cats, the antrum and duodenum are located closer to midline, sometimes superimposed with the spine on ventrodorsal views. In one study evaluating abdominal radiographic findings in cats presenting with GI signs using only a right lateral and a ventrodorsal view, the duodenum was identified in only 5% of cats .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performing both lateral abdominal radiographs may not improve the visualization of gas in the gastric outflow tract of cats

Paradise

Gaschen

Wanderer

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Reports in the veterinary literature support three‐view abdominal radiographs as a standard of practice for evaluating dogs with suspected gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. The usefulness of three‐view abdominal studies has not been evaluated in cats. Images from a prospective crossover group study with 20 healthy cats, and those from a retrospective cohort study of 110 cats, were reviewed and the location and degree of gas was assessed in the gastric outflow tract. Comparisons of the frequency of luminal gas were made between the views and between cats with GI disease versus cats without and between cats having sedation versus those without. Chi‐Square analysis was performed with P < .05 being considered significant. No significant difference was found in the location and degree of luminal gas in left versus right lateral views in all cats regardless of the order in which the views were obtained or in cats with GI disease versus cats without. Cats with gastric dilation had a higher overall frequency of gas; those with dilation with homogeneous material were higher than those with dilation with heterogeneous material. A higher frequency of gas was found in sedated cats than nonsedated, but further study is needed to determine the underlying cause. Based on these findings, a three‐view abdominal study for cats as a standard of practice may not be necessary, but obtaining the additional lateral view when gastric dilation is present might allow better visualization of the pyloric antrum and duodenum.

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Small Bowel

Cited by 16 publications

References 118 publications

Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Emphysematous pyometra secondary to Enterococcus avium infection in a dog

Performing both lateral abdominal radiographs may not improve the visualization of gas in the gastric outflow tract of cats

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