Small Continuous Unit for Fluidized Coal Carbonization

Struck, R.T.; Dudt, P.J.; Gorin, E.

doi:10.1021/i260021a014

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…6, which make up a large fraction of the nation's eastern coal reserves (Averitt, 1975), agglomerate when in fluidized-bed reactors (Holmes et al, 1975). Methods such as preoxidation and char dilution have been used to reduce the agglomerating tendencies of caking coals in carbonization processes (Lang et al, 1957; Bowling and Waters, 1962; Struck et al, 1967); however, preoxidation of the coal results in a reduced oil yield. The bench-scale hydrocarbonization system was used to study char dilution and chemical pretreatment of the coal as a means of preventing agglomeration.…”

Section: Coal Feed Preparation and Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbonization of Coal in a Fluidized Bed

Youngblood¹,

Cochran²,

Westmoreland³

et al. 1980

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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Hydrocarbonization is a relatively simple method of producing oil, substitute natural gas, and devolatilized char from coal. Oil and gas yields have been determined by hydrocarbonization of coal in a 0.10-m diameter fluidized-bed reactor operated at 2170 kPa and at temperatures ranging from 694 to 850 K. Subbituminous coal and bituminous coal that was pretreated with CaO, NaOH, and Na2C03 to eliminate agglomeration were used. Oil yields up to 21 % (based on moistureand ash-free coal) were achieved. Data on the composition of the oil, gas, and char products are presented.

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Section: Coal Feed Preparation and Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbonization of Coal in a Fluidized Bed

Youngblood¹,

Cochran²,

Westmoreland³

et al. 1980

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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The production of synthetic crude oil from oil sand by application of the lurgi‐ruhrgas‐process

Rammler¹

1970

Can J Chem Eng

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Synthetic crude oil can be produced from oil sand by appliciation of the Lurgi-Ruhrgas process which i s characterized by the circulation of fine-grained heat carriers. The process is described and information given on its commercial application to date, which relates to the cracking of hydrocarbons to olefins and the carbonization of fine-grained coal.Reference is made to distillation tests on approx. 45 tons of raw oil sand. The yield of oil in commercial plants is expected to be approx. 9576 by weight. Studies and computations show that beneficiated oil sand used as feedstock has advantages over raw oil sand.It is suggested that in a commercial plant beneficiation and LR distillation should be combined. Based on the present state of 'I'echnology LR units for an output of about 8,000 -12,000 bbl/day of crude oil could be built. The approximate capital and operating costs of such a unit are indicated. In closing, reference is made to further possible applications of the LR process.he rapid growth of the demand for liquid fuels

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Characterisation of the neutral oil from a low‐temperature coal tar

Bartle

Jones²,

Martin³

et al. 1970

J. Appl. Chem.

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Tar resulting from fluidised‐bed, low‐temperature carbonisation of coal was treated to yield a neutral oil from which a series of six other samples was extracted. These were examined by proton magnetic resonance (p.m.r.) spectroscopy, low‐ionising‐voltage (11 eV) mass spectroscopy (m.s.), gel chromatography followed by fluorescent indicator analysis, and cryoscopy. Aliphatic fractions separated chromatographically were also examined by infra‐red spectroscopy. Distributions of hydrogen between chemical types were found for the several fractions from 60 MHz p.m.r. spectra and presented in terms of average structural parameters. M.s. analysis indicated negligible cracking of paraffin components, and the average molecular weight of 197 agreed well with cryoscopic determinations. For the carbon ratio, fa, between aromatic and total, agreement between m.s. and p.m.r. depends on the p.m.r. structural analysis scheme adopted. P.m.r. and m.s. structural analyses of the aromatics emphasise the predominance of di‐ and tri‐nuclears, with about 40% of available sites substituted, and the importance of acenes in lowtemperature carbonisation material. Gas and gel chromatography showed urea‐adductable paraffins to be largely straight‐chain C10‐C26, much as for tars from carbonisation at higher temperature.

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Small Continuous Unit for Fluidized Coal Carbonization

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Hydrocarbonization of Coal in a Fluidized Bed

Hydrocarbonization of Coal in a Fluidized Bed

The production of synthetic crude oil from oil sand by application of the lurgi‐ruhrgas‐process

Characterisation of the neutral oil from a low‐temperature coal tar

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