Small directional treadmill perturbations induce differential gait stability adaptation

Li, Jinfeng; Huang, Helen J.

doi:10.1152/jn.00091.2021

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Therefore, this MOS includes three critical components to measure the gait stability: the impulse related to instability, the foot placements related to the base of support (BOS), and the control mechanism related to stability in both the sagittal plane and frontal plane (McAndrew et al, 2011 ). This MOS has been widely used to measure the gait stability under slip-induced perturbations (Liu et al, 2016 ; Debelle et al, 2020 ; Li and Huang, 2022 ), under the sensory-conflicted perturbations (McAndrew et al, 2011 ; McAndrew Young et al, 2012 ; Roeles et al, 2018 ), in patients with neurological disorders (Tisserand et al, 2018 ; Lencioni et al, 2021 ), and under cognitive loading (Raffegeau et al, 2022 ). Specifically, a larger MOS in the medial-lateral direction (MOSml) is found in post-stroke survivors than controls during treadmill walking (Tisserand et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Types of Mastoid Process Vibrations Affect Dynamic Margin of Stability Differently

Xie

Chien³

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The vestibular system is critical for human locomotion. Any deteriorated vestibular system leads to gait instability. In the past decades, these alternations in gait patterns have been majorly measured by the spatial-temporal gait parameters and respective variabilities. However, measuring gait characteristics cannot capture the full aspect of motor controls. Thus, to further understand the effects of deteriorated vestibular system on gait performance, additional measurement needs to be taken into consideration. This study proposed using the margin of stability (MOS) to identify the patterns of dynamic control under different types of mastoid vibrations in walking. This study hypothesized that (1) using the MOS method could facilitate the understanding of another aspect of motor control induced by different types of mastoid vibrations, and (2) applying the mastoid vibrations could induce the asymmetric MOS. Twenty healthy young adults were recruited. Two electromechanical vibrotactile transducers were placed on the bilateral mastoid process to apply different types of vestibular vibrations (bilateral, unilateral, and no vibration). A motion capture system with eight cameras was used to measure the MOSap (margin of stability in the anterior-posterior direction), MOSml (margin of stability in the medial-lateral direction), and respective variabilities. The results were in line with the hypotheses that both bilateral and unilateral mastoid vibrations significantly increased MOSap (p = 0.036, p < 0.001), MOSml (p = 0.012, p < 0.001), and respective variabilities p = 0.001, p < 0.001; p = 0.001, p < 0.01 when compared to the no vibration condition. Also, significantly larger MOSml (p = 0.001), MOSml variability (p < 0.023), MOSap (p < 0.001), and MOSap variability (p = 0.002) were observed under the unilateral vibration condition than that observed under the bilateral vibration condition. The above-mentioned result found that different types of mastoid vibrations affected the MOS differently, suggesting different patterns of control mechanisms under different sensory-conflicted situations. Besides, a significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant legs was observed in MOSml. Moreover, applying the unilateral mastoid vibrations induced a greater symmetric index of MOSml, suggesting that more active control in balance was needed in the medial-lateral than in the anterior-posterior direction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Types of Mastoid Process Vibrations Affect Dynamic Margin of Stability Differently

Xie

Chien³

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Instead, observed CoM dynamics may arise from other directly regulated processes (like foot placement, etc.) that in directly adjust CoM states (Hof, 2007; Li and Huang, 2022). We therefore tested the alternative hypothesis that how people regulate mediolateral foot placement fluctuations (Kazanski et al, 2020) statistically explains mediolateral CoM state fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Margin of Stability: Incorporating Step-To-Step Regulation to Resolve the Paradox

Kazanski

Cusumano

Dingwell

2021

Preprint

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Maintaining frontal-plane stability is a major objective of human walking. Derived from inverted pendulum dynamics, the mediolateral Margin of Stability (MoSML) is frequently used to measure people’s frontal-plane stability on average. However, typical MoSML-based analyses deliver paradoxical interpretations of stability status. To address mediolateral stability using MoSML, we must first resolve this paradox. Here, we developed a novel framework that unifies the well-established inverted pendulum model with Goal-Equivalent Manifold (GEM)-based analyses to assess how humans regulate step-to-step balance dynamics to maintain mediolateral stability. We quantified the extent to which people corrected fluctuations in mediolateral center-of-mass state relative to a MoSML-defined candidate stability GEM in the inverted pendulum phase plane. Participants’ variability and step-to-step correction of tangent and perpendicular deviations from the candidate stability GEM demonstrate that regulation of balance dynamics involves more than simply trying to execute a constant-MoSML balance control strategy. Participants adapted these step-to-step corrections to mediolateral sensory and mechanical perturbations. How participants regulated mediolateral foot placement strongly predicted how they regulated center-of-mass state fluctuations, suggesting that regulation of center-of-mass state occurs as a biomechanical consequence of foot placement regulation. We introduce the Probability of Instability (PoI), a convenient statistic that accounts for step-to-step variance to properly predict instability likelihood on any given future step. Participants increased lateral PoI when destabilized, as expected. These lateral PoI indicated an increased risk of lateral instability, despite larger (i.e., more stable) average MoSML. PoI thereby explicitly predicts instability risk to decisively resolve the existing paradox that arises from conventional MoSML implementations.

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“…Various methodologies exist for inducing instability, with common perturbation paradigms being COM pulls ( Vlutters et al, 2016 ; Tan et al, 2020 ), walking surface translations ( Kazanski et al, 2020 ), treadmill belt slips ( Berger et al, 1984 ; Golyski et al, 2022 ) and swing foot obstacle collisions ( Eveld et al, 2021 ). Across these methodologies, perturbation characteristics of interest have been magnitude, direction and onset timing ( Afschrift et al, 2019 ; Golyski et al, 2022 ; Li and Huang, 2022 ; Vlutters et al, 2016 ). Though all of these variables individually have proven influential in affecting balance and recovery strategy ( Golyski et al, 2022 ; Martelli et al, 2013 ; Vlutters et al, 2016 ), no study has systematically varied magnitude, direction and timing in tandem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking whole-body angular momentum and step placement during perturbed human walking

Leestma

Golyski

Smith

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Human locomotion is remarkably robust to environmental disturbances. Previous studies have thoroughly investigated how perturbations influence body dynamics and what recovery strategies are used to regain balance. Fewer studies have attempted to establish formal links between balance and the recovery strategies that are executed to regain stability. We hypothesized that there would be a strong relationship between magnitude of imbalance and recovery strategy during perturbed walking. To test this hypothesis, we applied transient ground surface translations that varied in magnitude, direction, and onset time while eight healthy participants walked on a treadmill. We measured stability using integrated whole-body angular momentum (iWBAM) and recovery strategy using step placement. We found the strongest relationships between iWBAM and step placement in the frontal plane for earlier perturbation onset times in the perturbed step (R2=0.52, 0.50) and later perturbation onset times in the recovery step (R2=0.18, 0.25), while correlations were very weak in the sagittal plane (all R2 <= 0.13). These findings suggest that iWBAM influences step placement, particularly in the frontal plane, and that this influence is sensitive to perturbation onset time. Lastly, this investigation is accompanied by an open-source data set to facilitate research on balance and recovery strategies in response to multifactorial ground surface perturbations, including 96 perturbation conditions spanning all combinations of three magnitudes, eight directions, and four gait cycle onset times.

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Small directional treadmill perturbations induce differential gait stability adaptation

Cited by 18 publications

References 89 publications

Different Types of Mastoid Process Vibrations Affect Dynamic Margin of Stability Differently

Different Types of Mastoid Process Vibrations Affect Dynamic Margin of Stability Differently

Rethinking Margin of Stability: Incorporating Step-To-Step Regulation to Resolve the Paradox

Linking whole-body angular momentum and step placement during perturbed human walking

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