Small for gestational age and obesity related comorbidities

Hong, Yong Hee; Chung, Sochung

doi:10.6065/apem.2018.23.1.4

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In addition, some authors demonstrated that asthma and its treatment with inhaled corticoids delayed the pubertal timing [32,33], although findings were controversial about this subject [34]. However, Childhood obesity accelerates the age of puberty and menarche [35,36], noting that premature and SGA infants are at a higher risk to develop obesity later on [37,38]. Psychosocial factors, such as family disruption, father's absence and continuous stress also seem to lead to a more precocious sexual maturation and menarcheal age [22], especially if these factors occur during early childhood (before the age of 5 years where girls seem to be the most sensitive to family composition).…”

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confidence: 99%

Association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and later complications (especially asthma) and menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls

2020

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Background Studies about the majority of the factors that may potentially influence the pubertal timing and menarche were controversial. The objective was to evaluate the association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and the complications that may happen later in life and the menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls admitted or not to the NICU at birth. Our secondary objective was to try to find, for the first time in literature, a correlation between respiratory distress at birth and the need of oxygen therapy with the age of the first menses in these girls. Methods It is a cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted between January and March 2019. Our sample included all the 2474 girls born in Notre-Dame-de-Secours hospital, between 2000 and 2005; the sample consisted of 297 girls (97 girls admitted to the NICU and 200 randomly chosen to participate in our study with a ratio of 1:2 (1 girl admitted to the NICU vs 2 girls born in the nursery). Results Asthma later in life was significantly associated with lower age at menarche in girls, whereas a higher mother’s age at menarche and a higher gestational age were significantly associated with higher age at menarche in girls. When taking each cause of NICU admission as an independent variable, showed that a higher mother’s age at menarche was significantly associated with higher age at menarche in girls, whereas a higher number of days of phototherapy, a preeclampsia in the mother during pregnancy and asthma later in life in the girl were significantly associated with a lower age at menarche in girls. Conclusion The timing of menarche seems to be associated with many factors in Lebanese girls that should not be disregarded by physicians.

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confidence: 99%

Association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and later complications (especially asthma) and menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls

2020

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“…Globally, 16% of infants are small for gestational age (SGA, birth weight for gestation <10th percentile) at birth, with frequencies ranging from 7% in industrialized countries to 41.5% in South Asia (11). SGA infants are at increased risk for negative developmental and adult health outcomes, including lower psychological and intellectual performance and increased risk for precocious puberty, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and CVD (12)(13)(14). Most SGA infants catch up with their appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, birth weight for gestation ≥10th to <90th percentiles) counterparts by exhibiting a faster rate of weight and length gain, with the percentiles on the growth charts crossing upward.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Hyperlipidemia and its Association with Early Growth Among Full‐Term–Born Children at 5 to 6 Years of Age in China

Leng

Wang

et al. 2020

Obesity

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This study's aim was to assess the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its association with birth weight and BMI at 2 years of age and 5 to 6 years of age in full-term-born children. Methods: A population-based, large-scale survey of hyperlipidemia was conducted. Information on 12,701 children aged 5 to 6 years was retrospectively collected from electronic health care records. Results: The rate of high total cholesterol (≥5.18 mmol/L) and/or high triglycerides (≥1.70 mmol/L) was 10.2%. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of high total cholesterol and/or triglycerides were 1.33 (1.04-1.69), 1.00, and 0.95 (0.81-1.11) based on birth weight groups (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age, and large for gestational age); 1.06 (0.77-1.45), 1.00, and 0.99 (0.88-1.11) based on BMI groups at around 2 years of age (<10th, 10th to <75th, and ≥75th percentiles); and 1.56 (1.08-2.25), 1.00, and 1.71 (1.44-2.03) based on BMI groups at 5 to 6 years of age (<−2 SD, −2 SD to <2 SD and ≥2 SD), respectively. In the SGA group, hyperlipidemia was not associated with BMI at 2 years of age but was significantly associated with having underweight or obesity at 5 to <6 years of age. Conclusions: SGA infants are at an increased risk for childhood hyperlipidemia, and catch-up growth before the age of 2 years would not affect this risk. For SGA infants, having underweight or obesity after 2 years of age can increase the risk of childhood hyperlipidemia.

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“…Childhood obesity can be associated with neonates born heavy for height as well as light for height with associated "catch-up" excessive weight gain [7][8][9]. Internal obesity in the first postnatal months increases the risk of the later development of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular and nervous system pathologies [10][11][12]. Such data highlights the importance of the prenatal period in modulating obesity predisposition as well as in indicating the important role that pregnancy has as an "environmental sampling" period for adaptive development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Prenatal Melatonin in the Regulation of Childhood Obesity

Ivanov

Evsyukova

Mazzoccoli

et al. 2020

Biology

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There is a growing awareness that pregnancy can set the foundations for an array of diverse medical conditions in the offspring, including obesity. A wide assortment of factors, including genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, and diet can influence foetal outcomes. This article reviews the role of melatonin in the prenatal modulation of offspring obesity. A growing number of studies show that many prenatal risk factors for poor foetal metabolic outcomes, including gestational diabetes and night-shift work, are associated with a decrease in pineal gland-derived melatonin and associated alterations in the circadian rhythm. An important aspect of circadian melatonin’s effects is mediated via the circadian gene, BMAL1, including in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and the mitochondrial melatoninergic pathway. Alterations in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in immune and glia cells seem crucial to a host of human medical conditions, including in the development of obesity and the association of obesity with the risk of other medical conditions. The gut microbiome is another important hub in the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of many medical conditions, with negative consequences mediated by a decrease in the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. The effects of butyrate are partly mediated via an increase in the melatoninergic pathway, indicating interactions of the gut microbiome with melatonin. Some of the effects of melatonin seem mediated via the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor, whilst both melatonin and butyrate may regulate obesity through the opioidergic system. Oxytocin, a recently recognized inhibitor of obesity, may also be acting via the opioidergic system. The early developmental regulation of these processes and factors by melatonin are crucial to the development of obesity and many diverse comorbidities.

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Small for gestational age and obesity related comorbidities

Cited by 76 publications

References 57 publications

Association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and later complications (especially asthma) and menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls

Association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and later complications (especially asthma) and menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls

Childhood Hyperlipidemia and its Association with Early Growth Among Full‐Term–Born Children at 5 to 6 Years of Age in China

The Role of Prenatal Melatonin in the Regulation of Childhood Obesity

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