Small grains as recombination hot spots in perovskite solar cells

An, Qingzhi; Paulus, Fabian; Becker‐Koch, David; Cho, Changsoon; Sun, Qing; Weu, Andreas; Bitton, Sapir; Tessler, Nir; Vaynzof, Yana

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.020

Cited by 111 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…This difference in crystal grain size could be responsible for EA fast outperforming slow in PV performance because the increased grain size would mean a reduction in the density of grain boundaries, a known location for defects and trap sites. [44][45][46] Importantly, neither film type possesses signals from residual precursor material (e.g., the 12.6 for PbI 2 ) or other perovskite crystal phases (especially the photoinactive δ-phase observed at %12.0 [4] ).…”

Section: Thin-film Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Antisolvent Application Rate on Film Formation and Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Vieler

Goetz

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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The poor stability of perovskite solar cells that are based on methylammonium (MA)‐containing compositions has triggered immense interest in the development of MA‐free alternatives such as the double‐cation mixed‐halide Cs x FA1–x Pb(I1–x + Br x )3 composition (CsFA perovskites). Although efficient solar cells based on this composition have been reported, many aspects related to the film formation of CsFA perovskites remain unclear. Herein, the influence of the antisolvent application rate on the properties and device performance of MA‐free perovskite solar cells are investigated. It is found that when applied slowly, all six of the investigated antisolvents result in high‐quality films and devices reaching a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.7%. However, fast application leads to incomplete film coverage, and consequently no functional solar cells, for three of these antisolvents. It is demonstrated that this is related to the inefficacy of these antisolvents in triggering the crystallization of the perovskite layer and a simple test is offered that can aid researchers to identify whether other antisolvents will favor fast or slow antisolvent application.

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Section: Thin-film Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Antisolvent Application Rate on Film Formation and Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Vieler

Goetz

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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“…The tunable ions of composition allow perovskites to exhibit various photoelectronic characteristics, which are widely used in solar cells, LEDs, and photodetectors. [3,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] The closely related BX 6 framework exhibits an optimized bandgap around 1.5 eV, which allows it to obtain a PCE comparable to that of a Si solar cell. The PCE of 3D PSCs with a single junction has now exceeded 25% (as shown in Figure 2b).…”

Section: From 3d To 2d: the Diversity Of Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Wu¹,

Liang²,

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

323

208

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first solid-state perovskite solar cell (PSC) was successfully prepared by introducing Sprio as a hole transport layer (HTL), tremendous efforts have been devoted to further promoting the photovoltaic performance, including surface passivation, bulk doping, processing engineering, and optimizing the structure of the device. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has dramatically increased from the initial 9% to an impressive 25.2% in several years. [22,23] To date, the coexistence of high efficiency and long-term stability has become a crucial requirement for successful PSC applications. 2D perovskites (consisting of pure 2D and quasi-2D perovskites) have emerged as a new family of photovoltaic materials that have been proven to resolve the problem of instability in perovskites. Owing to the insulating spacer layer, inherent outstanding long-term stability is obtained in 2D perovskites, including hydrophobicity, suppression of ion migration, and larger formation energy. [24][25][26][27][28] However, severe carrier recombination occurs due to the combined effect of quantum confinement and dielectric confinement, rooted in the natural multiple quantum wells structure (MQWs) (Figure 1), where the inorganic parts act as potential "wells" while the organic parts act as "walls", which shows a boost in the photovoltaic performance of 2D PSCs. [29][30][31] To realize the coexistence of high efficiency and ultrastability in PSCs, researchers began to construct 2D/3D heterostructures by surface passivation. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] In fact, before the boosting of the 2D/3D stacking concept, many researchers have applied large ammonium cations (such as phenethylamine (PEA), butylamine (BA), and quaternary ammonium (QA)) as defect passivants to 3D perovskite solar cells. [41][42][43][44][45] During this period, the pure PEA-or BA-based 2D perovskites have been explored as light-absorbing materials for better stability. [25,46] In 2015, Yao et al. introduced in situ grown 2D perovskite (PEI) 2 PbI 4 (PEI: polymeric ammonium) on an MAPbI 3 film, leading to more stable and efficient PSCs. [47] In 2016, discussions and analyses of the surface passivation effect began to emerge, which involved exploring a series of 2D perovskite molecules (such as aniline, benzylamine, and PEA). [42,45,48] The concept of 2D/3D stacking really stood out in 2018 by unveiling the chemical reaction mechanism for heterojunction formation and the mechanism for enhancing stability. For example, Huang 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for use in next-generation photovoltaic devices. However, some challenges need to be addressed before their commercial production, such as enormous defects formed on the surface, which result in severe SRH recombination, and inadequate material interplay between the composition, leading to thermal-, moisture-, and light-induced degradation. 2D perovskites, in which the organic layer functions as a protective barrier ...

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“…[248,249] These strategies are directly applicable to perovskite FETs, yet to date remain underutilized. Importantly, while charge transport in vertically stacked devices is influenced by the bulk defects of the perovskite layer, [250] due to the formation of the FET channel at the surface of a perovskite layer, strategies for improving the quality of the surface will be particularly powerful. Indeed, this is supported by the recent work of Sirringhaus and coworkers, who developed a post-processing cleaning/healing/cleaning procedure for the surface of perovskite layers, demonstrating a significant enhancement in performance following such surface reconstruction.…”

Section: Strategies For Future Advancement Of Perovskite Fetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switched‐On: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Metal Halide Perovskite Transistors

Paulus

Tyznik

Jurchescu

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Field-effect transistors (FETs) are key elements in modern electronics and hence are attracting immense scientific and commercial attention. The recent emergence of metal halide perovskite materials and their tremendous success in the field of photovoltaics have triggered the exploration of their application in other (opto)electronic devices, including FETs and phototransistors. In this review, the current status of the field is discussed, the challenges are highlighted, and an outlook for the future perspectives of perovskite FETs is provided. First, attention is drawn to the device physics and the fundamental processes that influence these devices, including the role of ion migration and defects, effects of temperature, light, and measurement conditions. Next, the performance of perovskite transistors and phototransistors reported to date are surveyed and critically assessed. Finally, the key challenges that impede perovskite transistor progress are outlined and discussed. The insights gained from the study of other perovskite optoelectronic devices may be adopted to address these challenges and advance this exciting field of research closer to the industrial application are examined.

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Small grains as recombination hot spots in perovskite solar cells

Cited by 111 publications

References 83 publications

Effect of Antisolvent Application Rate on Film Formation and Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of Antisolvent Application Rate on Film Formation and Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Switched‐On: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Metal Halide Perovskite Transistors

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