Small molecule-directed specification of sclerotome-like chondroprogenitors and induction of a somitic chondrogenesis program from embryonic stem cells

Abstract

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) generate rostral paraxial mesoderm-like progeny in 5-6 days of differentiation induced by Wnt3a

Chemically defined serum-free conditions for cartilage regeneration from human embryonic stem cells

“…2). understandings for specification and induction processes of chondrogenesis from hESCs [25,36]. Through this, we can further improve the differentiation method and efficiency.…”

“…It was also clearly demonstrated the promoters of Wnt signaling and inhibitors of BMP signaling were able to promote the chondrogenic differentiation from ESCs in vitro [23][24][25]. During specification, mESCs and hESCs derived omitic/rostral presomitic mesoderm-like progeny (also known as rostral paraxial mesoderm) was widely confirmed to express platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) but not vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2, also known as FLK1 or KDR) [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, the differentiation media used in these studies still contained a small amount of serum, restricting to the future application in clinic.…”

Modeling human somite development and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva with induced pluripotent stem cells

“…It has been shown that SCL can be induced from SMs cultured with CDM supplemented with 100 nM SAG, a SHH activator, and 0.6 µM LDN193189, a BMP inhibitor (Zhao et al, 2014) (Fig. 4A).…”

Derivation of chondrocyte and osteoblast reporter mouse embryonic stem cell lines

“…Within the field of skeletal biology, there is a great interest to use embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to study the molecular basis of different skeletal diseases and as a source from which to derive progenitor cells that could be used in applications of tissue regeneration. Several groups have reported different methodologies to generate chondrocytes and osteoblasts from ESCs (Ahn et al, 2006;Cao et al, 2005;Craft et al, 2013;Tanaka et al, 2009;Tong et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2014). However, the efficiency by which different protocols work remains unclear.…”